In order to reduce the difficulties in the experimental realizations of the cloak but still keep good performance of invisibility, we proposed a perfect cylindrical invisibility cloak with spatially invariant axial material parameters. The advantage of this kind of TE (or TM) cloak is that only rho and phi components of mu (or epsilon) are spatially variant, which makes it possible to realize perfect invisibility with two-dimensional (2D) magnetic (or electric) metamaterials. The effects of perturbations of the parameters on the performance of this cloak are quantitatively analyzed by scattering theory. Our work provides a simple and feasible solution to the experimental realization of cloaks with ideal parameters.
We investigate the scattering of 2D cylindrical invisibility cloaks with simplified constitutive parameters with the assistance of scattering coefficients. We show that the scattering of the cloaks originates not only from the boundary conditions but also from the spatial variation of the component of permittivity/permeability. According to our formulation, we propose some restrictions to the invisibility cloak in order to minimize its scattering after the simplification has taken place. With our theoretical analysis, it is possible to design a simplified cloak by using some peculiar composites like photonic crystals (PCs) which mimic an effective refractive index landscape rather than offering effective constitutives, meanwhile canceling the scattering from the inner and outer boundaries.
We study the behavior of wave propagation in materials for which not all of the principle elements of the permeability and permittivity tensors have the same sign. We find that a wide variety of effects can be realized in such media, including negative refraction, near-field focusing and high impedance surface reflection. In particular a bi-layer of these materials can transfer a field distribution from one side to the other, including near-fields, without requiring internal exponentially growing waves.
Cloaking using a volumetric structure composed of stacked two-dimensional transmission-line networks is verified with measurements. The measurements are done in a waveguide, in which an array of metallic cylinders is inserted causing a short-circuit in the waveguide. The metal cylinders are cloaked using a previously designed and simulated cloak that hides the cylinders and thus enables wave propagation inside the waveguide.
Radio, millimetre and sub-millimetre astronomy experiments as well as remote sensing applications often require castable absorbers with well known electromagnetic properties to design and realize calibration targets. In this context, we fabricated and characterized two samples using different ratios of two easily commercially available materials: epoxy (Stycast 2850FT) and magnetite ($mathrm{Fe_{3}O_{4}}$) powder. We performed transmission and reflection measurements from 7 GHz up to 170 GHz with a VNA equipped with a series of standard horn antennas. Using an empirical model we analysed the data to extract complex permittivity and permeability from transmission data; then we used reflection data to validate the results. In this paper we present the sample fabrication procedure, analysis method, parameter extraction pipeline, and results for two samples with different epoxy-powder mass ratios.
A kind of transformation media, which we shall call the anti-cloak, is proposed to partially defeat the cloaking effect of the invisibility cloak. An object with an outer shell of anti-cloak is visible to the outside if it is coated with the invisible cloak. Fourier-Bessel analysis confirms this finding by showing that external electromagnetic wave can penetrate into the interior of the invisibility cloak with the help of the anti-cloak.