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Register a new userThree Dimensional Corners: A Box Norm Proof
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In an additive group (G,+), a three-dimensional corner is the four points g, g+d(1,0,0), g+d(0,1,0), g+d(0,0,1), where g is in G^3, and d is a non-zero element of G. The Ramsey number of interest is R_3(G) the maximal cardinality of a subset of G^3 that does not contain a three-dimensional corner. Furstenberg and Katznelson have shown R_3(Z_N) is little-o of N^3, and in fact the corresponding result holds in all dimensions, a result that is a far reaching extension of the Szemeredi Theorem. We give a new proof of the finite field version of this fact, a proof that is a common generalization of the Gowers proof of Szemeredis Theorem for four term progressions, and the result of Shkredov on two-dimensional corners. The principal tool are the Gowers Box Norms.
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Since the study by Jacobi and Hecke, Hecke-type series have received extensive attention. Especially, Hecke-type series involving infinite products have attracted broad interest among many mathematicians including Kac, Peterson, Andrews, Bressoud and Liu. Motivated by the works of these people, we study Hecke-type series involving infinite products. In particular, we establish some Hecke-type series involving infinite products and then obtain the truncat
Let $R$ be a finite ring and define the hyperbola $H={(x,y) in R times R: xy=1 }$. Suppose that for a sequence of finite odd order rings of size tending to infinity, the following square root law bound holds with a constant $C>0$ for all non-trivial characters $chi$ on $R^2$: [ left| sum_{(x,y)in H}chi(x,y)right|leq Csqrt{|H|}. ] Then, with a finite number of exceptions, those rings are fields. For rings of even order we show that there are other infinite families given by Boolean rings and Boolean twists which satisfy this square-root law behavior. We classify the extremal rings, those for which the left hand side of the expression above satisfies the worst possible estimate. We also describe applications of our results to problems in graph theory and geometric combinatorics. These results provide a quantitative connection between the square root law in number theory, Salem sets, Kloosterman sums, geometric combinatorics, and the arithmetic structure of the underlying rings.
We give unified modular proofs to all of Gospers identities on the $q$-constant $Pi_q$. We also confirm Gospers observation that for any distinct positive integers $n_1,cdots,n_m$ with $mgeq 3$, $Pi_{q^{n_1}}$, $cdots$, $Pi_{q^{n_m}}$ satisfy a nonzero homogeneous polynomial. Our proofs provide a method to rediscover Gospers identities. Meanwhile, several results on $Pi_q$ found by El Bachraoui have been corrected. Furthermore, we illustrate a strategy to construct some of Gospers identities using hauptmoduls for genus zero congruence subgroups.
We compute the six-dimensional hexagon integral with three non-adjacent external masses analytically. After a simple rescaling, it is given by a function of six dual conformally invariant cross-ratios. The result can be expressed as a sum of 24 terms involving only one basic function, which is a simple linear combination of logarithms, dilogarithms, and trilogarithms of uniform degree three transcendentality. Our method uses differential equations to determine the symbol of the function, and an algorithm to reconstruct the latter from its symbol. It is known that six-dimensional hexagon integrals are closely related to scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory, and we therefore expect our result to be helpful for understanding the structure of scattering amplitudes in this theory, in particular at two loops.
Calculation of the potential field inside a three-dimensional box with the normal magnetic field component given on all boundaries is needed for estimation of important quantities related to the magnetic field such as free energy and relative helicity. In this work we present an analysis of three methods for calculating potential field inside a three-dimensional box. The accuracy and performance of the methods are tested on artificial models with a priori known solutions.
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