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Register a new userThe Frequency of Large Radius Hot and Very Hot Jupiters in omega Centauri
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David T F Weldrake MPIA
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We present the results of a deep, wide-field search for transiting `Hot Jupiter (HJ) planets in the globular cluster omega Centauri. As a result of a 25-night observing run with the ANU 40-inch telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, a total of 109,726 stellar time series composed of 787 independent data points were produced with differential photometry in a 52x52 (0.75 deg^2) field centered on the cluster core, but extending well beyond. Taking into account the size of transit signals as a function of stellar radius, 45,406 stars have suitable photometric accuracy (<=0.045 mag to V=19.5) to search for transits. Of this sample, 31,000 stars are expected to be main sequence cluster members. All stars, both cluster and foreground, were subjected to a rigorous search for transit signatures; none were found. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations based on our actual data set allows us to determine the sensitivity of our survey to planets with radii ~1.5R_Jup, and thus place statistical upper limits on their occurrence frequency F. Smaller planets are undetectable in our data. At 95% confidence, the frequency of Very Hot Jupiters (VHJs) with periods P satisfying 1d<P<3d can be no more than F_VHJ < 1/1040 in omega Cen. For HJ and VHJ distributed uniformly over the orbital period range 1d<P<5d, F_VHJ+HJ < 1/600. Our limits on large, short-period planets are comparable to those recently reported for other Galactic fields, despite being derived with less telescope time.
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UV observations of some massive globular clusters have revealed a significant population of stars hotter and fainter than the hot end of the horizontal branch (HB), the so-called blue hook stars. This feature might be explained either by the late hot flasher scenario where stars experience the helium flash while on the white dwarf cooling curve or by the progeny of the helium-enriched sub-population postulated to exist in some clusters. Previous spectroscopic analyses of blue hook stars in omega Cen and NGC 2808 support the late hot flasher scenario, but the stars contain much less helium than expected and the predicted C and N enrichment cannot be verified. We compare the observed effective temperatures, surface gravities, helium abundances, and carbon line strengths (where detectable) of our targets stars with the predictions of the two aforementioned scenarios. Moderately high resolution spectra of hot HB stars in the globular cluster omega Cen were analysed for radial velocity variations, atmospheric parameters, and abundances using LTE and non-LTE model atmospheres. We find no evidence of close binaries among our target stars. All stars below 30,000K are helium-poor and very similar to HB stars observed in that temperature range in other globular clusters. In the temperature range 30,000K to 50,000K, we find that 28% of our stars are helium-poor (log(He/H) < -1.6), while 72% have roughly solar or super-solar helium abundance (log(He/H) >= -1.5). We also find that carbon enrichment is strongly correlated with helium enrichment, with a maximum carbon enrichment of 3% by mass. A strong carbon enrichment in tandem with helium enrichment is predicted by the late hot flasher scenario, but not by the helium-enrichment scenario. We conclude that the helium-rich HB stars in omega Cen cannot be explained solely by the helium-enrichment scenario invoked to explain the blue main sequence.
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