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Register a new userTowards Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum channel multiplexing
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A single broadband squeezed field constitutes a quantum communication resource that is sufficient for the realization of a large number N of quantum channels based on distributed Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states. Each channel can serve as a resource for, e.g. independent quantum key distribution or teleportation protocols. N-fold channel multiplexing can be realized by accessing 2N squeezed modes at different Fourier frequencies. We report on the experimental implementation of the N=1 case through the interference of two squeezed states, extracted from a single broadband squeezed field, and demonstrate all techniques required for multiplexing (N>1). Quantum channel frequency multiplexing can be used to optimize the exploitation of a broadband squeezed field in a quantum information task. For instance, it is useful if the bandwidth of the squeezed field is larger than the bandwidth of the homodyne detectors. This is currently a typical situation in many experiments with squeezed and two-mode squeezed entangled light.
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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a form of bipartite quantum correlation that is intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It allows for entanglement certification when the measurements performed by one of the parties are not characterised (or are untrusted) and has applications in quantum key distribution. Despite its foundational and applied importance, EPR steering lacks a quantitative assessment. Here we propose a way of quantifying this phenomenon and use it to study the steerability of several quantum states. In particular we show that every pure entangled state is maximally steerable, the projector onto the anti-symmetric subspace is maximally steerable for all dimensions, we provide a new example of one-way steering, and give strong support that states with positive-partial-transposition are not steerable.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox plays a fundamental role in our understanding of quantum mechanics, and is associated with the possibility of predicting the results of non-commuting measurements with a precision that seems to violate the uncertainty principle. This apparent contradiction to complementarity is made possible by nonclassical correlations stronger than entanglement, called steering. Quantum information recognises steering as an essential resource for a number of tasks but, contrary to entanglement, its role for metrology has so far remained unclear. Here, we formulate the EPR paradox in the framework of quantum metrology, showing that it enables the precise estimation of a local phase shift and of its generating observable. Employing a stricter formulation of quantum complementarity, we derive a criterion based on the quantum Fisher information that detects steering in a larger class of states than well-known uncertainty-based criteria. Our result identifies useful steering for quantum-enhanced precision measurements and allows one to uncover steering of non-Gaussian states in state-of-the-art experiments.
Protocols for testing or exploiting quantum correlations-such as entanglement, Bell nonlocality, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering- generally assume a common reference frame between two parties. Establishing such a frame is resource-intensive, and can be technically demanding for distant parties. While Bell nonlocality can be demonstrated with high probability for a large class of two-qubit entangled states when the parties have one or no shared reference direction, the degree of observed nonlocality is measurement-orientation dependent and can be arbitrarily small. In contrast, we theoretically prove that steering can be demonstrated with 100% probability, for a larger class of states, in a rotationally-invariant manner, and experimentally demonstrate rotationally-invariant steering in a variety of cases. We also show, by comparing with the steering inequality of Cavalcanti et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32, A74 (2015)], that the steering inequality we derive is the optimal rotationally invariant one for the case of two settings per side and two-qubit states having maximally mixed reduced (local) states.
Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) pointed out that the quantum-mechanical description of physical reality implied an unphysical, instantaneous action between distant measurements. To avoid such an action at a distance, EPR concluded that Quantum Mechanics had to be incomplete. However, its extensions involving additional hidden variables, allowing for the recovery of determinism and locality, have been disproved experimentally (Bells theorem). Here, I present an opposite solution of the paradox based on the greater indeterminism of the modern Quantum Field Theory (QFT) description of Particle Physics, that prevents the preparation of any state having a definite number of particles. The resulting uncertainty in photons radiation has interesting consequences in Quantum Information Theory (e.g. cryptography and teleportation). Moreover, since it allows for less elements of EPR physical reality than the old non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics, QFT satisfies the EPR condition of completeness without the need of hidden variables. The residual physical reality does never violate locality, thus the unique objective proof of quantum nonlocality is removed in an interpretation-independent way. On the other hand, the supposed nonlocality of the EPR correlations turns out to be a problem of the interpretation of the theory. If we do not rely on hidden variables or new physics beyond QFT, the unique viable interpretation is a minimal statistical one, that preserves locality and Lorentz symmetry.
In this paper we calculate with full details Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen spin correlations in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. We consider the following situation: two-particle state is prepared (we consider separately distinguishable and identical particles and take into account the space part of the wave function) and two observers in relative motion measure the spin component of the particle along given directions. The measurements are performed in bounded regions of space (detectors), not necessarily simultaneously. The resulting correlation function depends not only on the directions of spin measurements but also on the relative velocity of the observers.
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