Rotation of easy axis in training effect and recovery of exchange bias in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers

For ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers, rotation of the easy axis has been textit{for the first time} observed during measurements of training effect and the recovery of exchange bias using FeNi/FeMn system. These salient phenomena strongly suggest irreversible motion of antiferromagnet spins during subsequent measurements of hysteresis loops. It is found that the rotation of the easy axis can partly account for the training effect and the recovery of the exchange bias.