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Register a new userFlavor Changing Neutral Current Processes in a SO(10) SUSY GUT with Family Symmetry
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Authors
Wolfgang Altmannshofer
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We report on a detailed analysis of a SO(10) SUSY GUT model of Dermisek and Raby (DR) with a D3 family symmetry. The model is completely specified in terms of only 24 parameters and is able to successfully describe both quark and lepton masses and mixings, except for |Vub| that turns out to be too low. However, a global fit shows that flavor changing (FC) processes like Bs --> mu+ mu-, Bs-mixing, B+ --> tau+ nu, B --> Xs gamma and B --> Xs l+ l- pose a serious problem to the DR model. The simultaneous description of these FC processes forces squarks to have masses well above 1 TeV, not appealing on grounds of naturalness and probably beyond the reach of the LHC.
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The clockwork mechanism, which can naturally explain the origin of small numbers, is implemented in $SO(10)$ grand unified theories to address the origin of hierarchies in fermion masses and mixings. We show that a minimal Yukawa sector involving a $10_H$ and $overline{126}_H$ of Higgs bosons, extended with two clockwork chains consisting of $16+overline{16}$ vector-like fermions, can explain the hierarchical patterns with all the Yukawa couplings being of order one. Emergence of a realistic mass spectrum does not require any symmetry that distinguishes the three generations. We develop clockwork-extended $SO(10)$ GUTs both in the context of SUSY and non-SUSY frameworks. Implementation of the mechanism in non-SUSY scenario assumes a Peccei-Quinn symmetry realized at an intermediate scale, with the clockwork sector carrying non-trivial charges, which solves the strong CP problem and provides axion as a dark matter candidate.
SO(10) GUT models with only small Higgs fields use higher-dimensional operators to generate realistic fermion mass matrices. In particular, a Higgs field in the spinor representation, 16^d_H, acquires a weak scale vev. We include the weak vev of the corresponding field bar{16}^u_H and investigate the effect on two successful models, one by Albright and Barr (AB) and another by Babu, Pati and Wilczek (BPW). We find that the BPW model is a particular case within a class of models with identical fermion masses and mixings. In contrast, we expect corrections to the parameters of AB-type models.
Supersymmetric $SO(10)$ grand unified models with renormalizable Yukawa couplings involving only ${bf 10}$ and $overline{bf 126}$ Higgs fields have been shown to realize the fermion masses and mixings economically. In previous works, the sum rule of the fermion mass matrices are given by inputting the quark matrices, and the neutrino mixings are predicted in this framework. Now the three neutrino mixings have been measured, and in this paper, we give the sum rule by inputting the lepton mass matrices, which makes clear certain features of the solution, especially if the vacuum expectation values of ${bf 126}+ overline{bf126}$ ($v_R$) are large and the right-handed neutrinos are heavy. We perform the $chi^2$ analyses to fit the fermion masses and mixings using the sum rule. In previous works, the best fit appears at $v_R sim 10^{13}$ GeV, and the fit at the large $v_R$ scale ($sim 10^{16}$ GeV) has been less investigated. Our expression of the sum rule has a benefit to understand the flavor structure in the large $v_R$ solution. Using the fit results, we perform the calculation of the $mu to egamma$ process and the electric dipole moment of electron, and the importance of $v_R$ dependence emerges in low energy phenomena. We also show the prediction of the CP phase in the neutrino oscillations, which can be tested in the near future.
In the SUSY SO(10) GUT context, we study the exclusive processes $B to K^{(*)} l^+l^-(l=mu,tau)$. Using the Wilson coefficients of relevant operators including the new operators $Q_{1,2}^{(prime)}$ which are induced by neutral Higgs boson (NHB) penguins, we evaluate some possible observables associated with these processes like, the invariant mass spectrum (IMS), lepton pair forward backward asymmetry (FBA), lepton polarization asymmetries etc. In this model the contributions from Wilson coefficients $C_{Q_{1,2}}^prime$, among new contributions, are dominant. Our results show that the NHB effects are sensitive to the FBA, $dL/dhat{s}$, and $dT/dhat{s}$ of $B to K^{(*)} tau^+ tau^-$ decay, which are expected to be measured in B factories, and the average of the normal polarization $dN/dhat{s}$ can reach several percent for $B to K mu^+ mu^-$ and it is 0.05 or so for $Bto K tau^+tau^-$, which could be measured in the future super B factories and provide a useful information to probe new physics and discriminate different models.
Processes involving flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) provide excellent signatures with which to search for evidence of new physics. They have very small branching fractions in the Standard Model since they are highly suppressed by Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani (GIM) mechanism. They occur only through higher order diagrams, and new particles contributions can provide a significant enhancements, which would be an uniquevocal signs of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper we present the most recent measurements on FCNC processes performed by CDF and D0 Collaborations, while last section is devote to the charm physics at CDF.
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