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Register a new userZ2Z4-linear codes: generator matrices and duality
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Added by
Joaquim Borges
Publication date
2007
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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A code ${cal C}$ is $Z_2Z_4$-additive if the set of coordinates can be partitioned into two subsets $X$ and $Y$ such that the punctured code of ${cal C}$ by deleting the coordinates outside $X$ (respectively, $Y$) is a binary linear code (respectively, a quaternary linear code). In this paper $Z_2Z_4$-additive codes are studied. Their corresponding binary images, via the Gray map, are $Z_2Z_4$-linear codes, which seem to be a very distinguished class of binary group codes. As for binary and quaternary linear codes, for these codes the fundamental parameters are found and standard forms for generator and parity check matrices are given. For this, the appropriate inner product is deduced and the concept of duality for $Z_2Z_4$-additive codes is defined. Moreover, the parameters of the dual codes are computed. Finally, some conditions for self-duality of $Z_2Z_4$-additive codes are given.
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Steganography is an information hiding application which aims to hide secret data imperceptibly into a commonly used media. Unfortunately, the theoretical hiding asymptotical capacity of steganographic systems is not attained by algorithms developed so far. In this paper, we describe a novel coding method based on Z2Z4-linear codes that conforms to +/-1-steganography, that is secret data is embedded into a cover message by distorting each symbol by one unit at most. This method solves some problems encountered by the most efficient methods known today, based on ternary Hamming codes. Finally, the performance of this new technique is compared with that of the mentioned methods and with the well-known theoretical upper bound.
Product perfect codes have been proven to enhance the performance of the F5 steganographic method, whereas perfect Z2Z4-linear codes have been recently introduced as an efficient way to embed data, conforming to the +/-1-steganography. In this paper, we present two steganographic methods. On the one hand, a generalization of product perfect codes is made. On the other hand, this generalization is applied to perfect Z2Z4-linear codes. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods is evaluated and compared with those of the aforementioned schemes.
We introduce a consistent and efficient method to construct self-dual codes over $GF(q)$ with symmetric generator matrices from a self-dual code over $GF(q)$ of smaller length where $q equiv 1 pmod 4$. Using this method, we improve the best-known minimum weights of self-dual codes, which have not significantly improved for almost two decades. We focus on a class of self-dual codes, including double circulant codes. Using our method, called a `symmetric building-up construction, we obtain many new self-dual codes over $GF(13)$ and $GF(17)$ and improve the bounds of best-known minimum weights of self-dual codes of lengths up to 40. Besides, we compute the minimum weights of quadratic residue codes that were not known before. These are: a [20,10,10] QR self-dual code over $GF(23)$, two [24,12,12] QR self-dual codes over $GF(29)$ and $GF(41)$, and a [32,12,14] QR self-dual codes over $GF(19)$. They have the highest minimum weights so far.
Suppose that $mathcal{P}$ is a property that may be satisfied by a random code $C subset Sigma^n$. For example, for some $p in (0,1)$, $mathcal{P}$ might be the property that there exist three elements of $C$ that lie in some Hamming ball of radius $pn$. We say that $R^*$ is the threshold rate for $mathcal{P}$ if a random code of rate $R^{*} + varepsilon$ is very likely to satisfy $mathcal{P}$, while a random code of rate $R^{*} - varepsilon$ is very unlikely to satisfy $mathcal{P}$. While random codes are well-studied in coding theory, even the threshold rates for relatively simple properties like the one above are not well understood. We characterize threshold rates for a rich class of properties. These properties, like the example above, are defined by the inclusion of specific sets of codewords which are also suitably symmetric. For properties in this class, we show that the threshold rate is in fact equal to the lower bound that a simple first-moment calculation obtains. Our techniques not only pin down the threshold rate for the property $mathcal{P}$ above, they give sharp bounds on the threshold rate for list-recovery in several parameter regimes, as well as an efficient algorithm for estimating the threshold rates for list-recovery in general.
The Doob scheme $D(m,n+n)$ is a metric association scheme defined on $E_4^m times F_4^{n}times Z_4^{n}$, where $E_4=GR(4^2)$ or, alternatively, on $Z_4^{2m} times Z_2^{2n} times Z_4^{n}$. We prove the MacWilliams identities connecting the weight distributions of a linear or additive code and its dual. In particular, for each case, we determine the dual scheme, on the same set but with different metric, such that the weight distribution of an additive code $C$ in the Doob scheme $D(m,n+n)$ is related by the MacWilliams identities with the weight distribution of the dual code $C^perp$ in the dual scheme. We note that in the case of a linear code $C$ in $E_4^m times F_4^{n}$, the weight distributions of $C$ and $C^perp$ in the same scheme are also connected.
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