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We consider an algebraic formulation of Quantum Theory and develop a combinatorial model of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra structure. It is shown that by lifting this structure to the richer algebra of graph operator calculus, we gain a simple interpretation involving, for example, the natural composition of graphs. This provides a deeper insight into the algebraic structure of Quantum Theory and sheds light on the intrinsic combinatorial underpinning of its abstract formalism.
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A relation is established in the present paper between Dicke states in a d-dimensional space and vectors in the representation space of a generalized Weyl-Heisenberg algebra of finite dimension d. This provides a natural way to deal with the separable and entangled states of a system of N = d-1 symmetric qubit states. Using the decomposition property of Dicke states, it is shown that the separable states coincide with the Perelomov coherent states associated with the generalized Weyl-Heisenberg algebra considered in this paper. In the so-called Majorana scheme, the qudit (d-level) states are represented by N points on the Bloch sphere; roughly speaking, it can be said that a qudit (in a d-dimensional space) is describable by a N-qubit vector (in a N-dimensional space). In such a scheme, the permanent of the matrix describing the overlap between the N qubits makes it possible to measure the entanglement between the N qubits forming the qudit. This is confirmed by a Fubini-Study metric analysis. A new parameter, proportional to the permanent and called perma-concurrence, is introduced for characterizing the entanglement of a symmetric qudit arising from N qubits. For d=3 (i.e., N = 2), this parameter constitutes an alternative to the concurrence for two qubits. Other examples are given for d=4 and 5. A connection between Majorana stars and zeros of a Bargmmann function for qudits closes this article.
The Heisenberg-Weyl algebra, which underlies virtually all physical representations of Quantum Theory, is considered from the combinatorial point of view. We provide a concrete model of the algebra in terms of paths on a lattice with some decomposition rules. We also discuss the rook problem on the associated Ferrers board; this is related to the calculus in the normally ordered basis. From this starting point we explore a combinatorial underpinning of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra, which offers novel perspectives, methods and applications.
We present a list of formulae useful for Weyl-Heisenberg integral quantizations, with arbitrary weight, of functions or distributions on the plane. Most of these formulae are known, others are original. The list encompasses particular cases like Weyl-Wigner quantization (constant weight) and coherent states (CS) or Berezin quantization (Gaussian weight). The formulae are given with implicit assumptions on their validity on appropriate space(s) of functions (or distributions). One of the aims of the document is to accompany a work in progress on Weyl-Heisenberg integral quantization of dynamics for the motion of a point particle on the line.
A bilinear form on a possibly graded vector space $V$ defines a graded Poisson structure on its graded symmetric algebra together with a star product quantizing it. This gives a model for the Weyl algebra in an algebraic framework, only requiring a field of characteristic zero. When passing to $mathbb{R}$ or $mathbb{C}$ one wants to add more: the convergence of the star product should be controlled for a large completion of the symmetric algebra. Assuming that the underlying vector space carries a locally convex topology and the bilinear form is continuous, we establish a locally convex topology on the Weyl algebra such that the star product becomes continuous. We show that the completion contains many interesting functions like exponentials. The star product is shown to converge absolutely and provides an entire deformation. We show that the completion has an absolute Schauder basis whenever $V$ has an absolute Schauder basis. Moreover, the Weyl algebra is nuclear iff $V$ is nuclear. We discuss functoriality, translational symmetries, and equivalences of the construction. As an example, we show how the Peierls bracket in classical field theory on a globally hyperbolic spacetime can be used to obtain a local net of Weyl algebras.
In this paper, we classify all indecomposable Harish-Chandra modules of the intermediate series over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra. Meanwhile, some bosonic modules are also studied.
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