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Register a new userScaling Cosmologies from Duality Twisted Compactifications
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Oscillating moduli fields can support a cosmological scaling solution in the presence of a perfect fluid when the scalar field potential satisfies appropriate conditions. We examine when such conditions arise in higher-dimensional, non-linear sigma-models that are reduced to four dimensions under a generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactification. We show explicitly that scaling behaviour is possible when the higher-dimensional action exhibits a global SL(n,R) or O(2,2) symmetry. These underlying symmetries can be exploited to generate non-trivial scaling solutions when the moduli fields have non-canonical kinetic energy. We also consider the compactification of eleven-dimensional vacuum Einstein gravity on an elliptic twisted torus.
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We construct families of supersymmetric AdS$_3times Y_7$ and AdS$_3times Y_8$ solutions to type IIB string theory and M-theory, respectively. Here $Y_7$ is an $S^5$ fibration over $Sigma$, while $Y_8$ is an $S^4$ fibration over $Sigma_gtimes Sigma$, where $Sigma_g$ is a Riemann surface of genus $g>1$ and $Sigma$ is a two-dimensional orbifold known as a spindle. We interpret the solutions as near-horizon limits of $N$ D3-branes wrapped on $Sigma$ and $N$ M5-branes wrapped on $Sigma_gtimes Sigma$, respectively. These are holographically dual to $d=2$, $(0,2)$ SCFTs, and we show that the central charge and superconformal R-symmetry of the gravity solutions agree with dual field theory calculations.
We consider warped compactifications in (4+d)-dimensional theories, with four dimensional de Sitter dS_4 vacua (with Hubble parameter H) and with a compact internal space. After introducing a gauge-invariant formalism for the generic metric perturbations of these backgrounds, we focus on modes which are scalar with respect to dS_4. The physical eigenmasses of these modes acquire a large universal tachyonic contribution -12d/(d+2) H^2, independently of the stabilization mechanism for the compact space, in addition to the usual KK masses, which instead encode the effects of the stabilization. General arguments, as well as specific examples, lead us to conjecture that, for sufficiently large dS curvature, the compactified geometry becomes gravitationally unstable due to the tachyonic growth of the scalar perturbations. This mean that for any stabilization mechanism the curvature of the dS geometry cannot exceed some critical value. We relate this effect to the anisotropy of the bulk geometry and suggest the end points of the instability. Of relevance for inflationary cosmology, the perturbations of the bulk metric inevitably induce a new modulus field, which describes the conformal fluctuations of the 4 dimensional metric. If this mode is light during inflation, the induced conformal fluctuations will be amplified with a scale free spectrum and with an amplitude which is disentangled from the standard result of slow-roll inflation. The conformal 4d metric fluctuations give rise to a very generic realization of the mechanism of modulated cosmological fluctuations, related to spatial variation of couplings during (p)reheating after inflation.
A generic F-theory compactification containing many D3 branes develops multiple brane throats. The interaction of observers residing inside different throats involves tunneling suppression and, as a result, is very weak. This suggests a new mechanism for generating small numbers in Nature. One application is to the hierarchy problem: large supersymmetry breaking near the unification scale inside a shallow throat causes TeV-scale SUSY-breaking inside the standard-model throat. Another application, inspired by nuclear-decay, is in designing naturally long-lived particles: a cold dark matter particle residing near the standard model brane decays to an approximate CFT-state of a longer throat within a Hubble time. This suggests that most of the mass of the universe today could consist of CFT-matter and may soften structure formation at sub-galactic scales. The tunneling calculation demonstrates that the coupling between two throats is dominated by higher dimensional modes and consequently is much larger than a naive application of holography might suggest.
We generally investigate the scalar field model with the lagrangian $L=F(X)-V(phi)$, which we call it {it General Non-Canonical Scalar Field Model}. We find that it is a special square potential(with a negative minimum) that drives the linear field solution($phi=phi_0t$) while in K-essence model(with the lagrangian $L=-V(phi)F(X)$) the potential should be taken as an inverse square form. Hence their cosmological evolution are totally different. We further find that this linear field solutions are highly degenerate, and their cosmological evolutions are actually equivalent to the divergent model where its sound speed diverges. We also study the stability of the linear field solution. With a simple form of $F(X)=1-sqrt{1-2X}$ we indicate that our model may be considered as a unified model of dark matter and dark energy. Finally we study the case when the baryotropic index $gamma$ is constant. It shows that, unlike the K-essence, the detailed form of F(X) depends on the potential $V(phi)$. We analyze the stability of this constant $gamma_0$ solution and find that they are stable for $gamma_0leq1$. Finally we simply consider the constant c_s^2 case and get an exact solution for F(X)
We derive a formula for D3-brane charge on a compact spacetime, which includes torsion corrections to the tadpole cancellation condition. We use this to classify D-branes and RR fluxes in type II string theory on RP^3xRP^{2k+1}xS^{6-2k} with torsion H-flux and to demonstrate the conjectured T-duality to S^3xS^{2k+1}xS^{6-2k} with no flux. When k=1, H eq 0 and so the K-theory that classifies fluxes is twisted. When k=2 the square of the H-flux yields an S-dual Freed-Witten anomaly which is canceled by a D3-brane insertion that ruins the K-theory classification. When k=3 the cube of H is nontrivial and so the D3 insertion may itself be inconsistent and the compactification unphysical. Along the way we provide a physical interpretation for the AHSS in terms of boundaries of branes within branes.
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