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Register a new userQuantized vortices in $^{bf 4}$He droplets: a quantum Monte Carlo study
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We present a diffusion Monte Carlo study of a vortex line excitation attached to the center of a $^4$He droplet at zero temperature. The vortex energy is estimated for droplets of increasing number of atoms, from N=70 up to 300 showing a monotonous increase with $N$. The evolution of the core radius and its associated energy, the core energy, is also studied as a function of $N$. The core radius is $sim 1$ AA in the center and increases when approaching the droplet surface; the core energy per unit volume stabilizes at a value 2.8 K$sigma^{-3}$ ($sigma=2.556$ AA) for $N ge 200$.
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The dynamic structure function $S(k,omega)$ informs about the dispersion and damping of excitations. We have recently (Phys. Rev. B {bf 97}, 184520 (2018)) compared experimental results for $S(k,omega)$ from high-precision neutron scattering experiment and theoretical results using the ``dynamic many-body theory (DMBT), showing excellent agreement over the whole experimentally accessible pressure regime. This paper focuses on the specific aspect of the propagation of low-energy phonons. We report calculations of the phonon mean-free path and phonon life time in liquid he4 as a function of wave length and pressure. Historically, the question was of interest for experiments of quantum evaporation. More recently, there is interest in the potential use of $^4$He as a detector for low-energy dark matter (K. Schulz and Kathryn M. Zurek, Phys. Rev. Lett. {bf 117}, 121302 (2016)). While the mean free path of long wave length phonons is large, phonons of intermediate energy can have a short mean free path of the order of $mu$m. Comparison of different levels of theory indicate that reliable predictions of the phonon mean free path can be made only by using the most advanced many--body method available, namely, DMBT.
Peculiar dynamics of a free surface of the superfluid 4He has been observed experimentally with a newly established technique utilizing a number of electrically charged fine metal particles trapped electrically at the surface by Moroshkin et al. They have reported that some portion of the particles exhibit some irregular motions and suggested the existence of quantized vortices interacting with the metal particles. We have conducted calculations with the vortex filament model, which turns out to support the idea of the vortex-particle interactions. The observed anomalous metal particle motions are roughly categorized into two types; (1) circular motions with specific frequencies, and (2) quasi-linear oscillations. The former ones seem to be explained once we consider a vertical vortex filament whose edges are terminated at the bottom and at a particle trapped at the surface. Although it is not yet clear whether all the anomalous motions are due to the quantum vortices, the vortices seem to play important roles for the motions.
We study, using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, the ground state properties of a one dimensional Rabi-Hubbard model. The model consists of a lattice of Rabi systems coupled by a photon hopping term between near neighbor sites. For large enough coupling between photons and atoms, the phase diagram generally consists of only two phases: a coherent phase and a compressible incoherent one separated by a quantum phase transition (QPT). We show that, as one goes deeper in the coherent phase, the system becomes unstable exhibiting a divergence of the number of photons. The Mott phases which are present in the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model are not observed in these cases due to the presence of non-negligible counter-rotating terms. We show that these two models become equivalent only when the detuning is negative and large enough, or if the counter-rotating terms are small enough.
The local order around alkali (Li$^+$ and Na$^+$) and alkaline-eath (Be$^+$, Mg$^+$ and Ca$^+$) ions in $^4$He clusters has been studied using ground-state path integral Monte Carlo calculations. We apply a criterion based on multipole dynamical correlations to discriminate between solid-like versus liquid-like behavior of the $^4$He shells coating the ions. As it was earlier suggested by experimental measurements in bulk $^4$He, our findings indicate that Be$^+$ produces a solid-like (snowball) structure, similarly to alkali ions and in contrast to the more liquid-like $^4$He structure embedding heavier alkaline-earth ions.
This work expands recent investigations in the field of spin-polarized tritium (T$downarrow$) clusters . We report the results for the ground state energy and structural properties of large T$downarrow$ cl usters consisting of up to 320 atoms. All calculations have been performed with variational and diffusi on Monte Carlo methods, using an accurate {it ab initio} interatomic potential. Our results for $N le q 40$ are in good agreement with results obtained by other groups. Using a liquid-drop expression for t he energy per particle, we estimate the liquid equilibrium density, which is in good agreement with our recently obtained results for bulk T$downarrow$. In addition, the calculations of the energy for larg e clusters have allowed for an estimation of the surface tension. From the mean-square radius of the dr op, determined using unbiased estimators, we determine the dependence of the radii on the size of the c luster and extract the unit radius of the T$downarrow$ liquid.
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