No Arabic abstract
Let $fin L_{2pi}$ be a real-valued even function with its Fourier series $ frac{a_{0}}{2}+sum_{n=1}^{infty}a_{n}cos nx,$ and let $S_{n}(f,x), ngeq 1,$ be the $n$-th partial sum of the Fourier series. It is well-known that if the nonnegative sequence ${a_{n}}$ is decreasing and $limlimits_{nto infty}a_{n}=0$, then $$ limlimits_{nto infty}Vert f-S_{n}(f)Vert_{L}=0 {if and only if} limlimits_{nto infty}a_{n}log n=0. $$ We weaken the monotone condition in this classical result to the so-called mean value bounded variation ($MVBV$) condition. The generalization of the above classical result in real-valued function space is presented as a special case of the main result in this paper which gives the $L^{1}$% -convergence of a function $fin L_{2pi}$ in complex space. We also give results on $L^{1}$-approximation of a function $fin L_{2pi}$ under the $% MVBV$ condition.
By using computers to do experimental manipulations on Fourier series, we construct additional series with interesting properties. For example, we construct several series whose sums remain unchanged when the nth term is multiplied by sin(n)/n. One series with this property is this classic series for pi/4: pi/4 = 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 ... = 1*(sin(1)/1) - (1/3)*(sin(3)/3) + (1/5)*(sin(5)/5).... Another example is sum (n = 1 to infinity) of (sin(n)/n) = sum (n = 1 to infinity) of (sin(n)/n)^2 = (pi - 1)/2. This material should be accessible to undergraduates. This paper also includes a Mathematica package that makes it easy to calculate and graph the Fourier series of many types of functions.
For 1<p<infty and for weight w in A_p, we show that the r-variation of the Fourier sums of any function in L^p(w) is finite a.e. for r larger than a finite constant depending on w and p. The fact that the variation exponent depends on w is necessary. This strengthens previous work of Hunt-Young and is a weighted extension of a variational Carleson theorem of Oberlin-Seeger-Tao-Thiele-Wright. The proof uses weighted adaptation of phase plane analysis and a weighted extension of a variational inequality of Lepingle.
We propose a sufficient condition of the convergence of a generalized power series formally satisfying an algebraic (polynomial) ordinary differential equation. The proof is based on the majorant method.
We propose a sufficient condition of the convergence of a Dulac series formally satisfying an algebraic ordinary differential equation (ODE). Such formal solutions of algebraic ODEs appear rather often, in particular, the third, fifth, and sixth Painleve equations possess formal Dulac series solutions, whose convergence follows from the proposed sufficient condition.
A sufficient condition of the convergence of an exotic formal series (a kind of power series with complex exponents) solution to an ODE of a general form is proposed.