This paper deduces universal uncertainty principle in different quantum theories after about one century of proposing uncertainty principle by Heisenberg, i.e., new universal uncertainty principle of any orders of physical quantities in quantum physics, overcomes the difficulty that current quantum computer, quantum communication, quantum control, quantum mechanics and so on theories cannot give exact values of general uncertainty of any orders of physical quantities, further gives all relevant different expressions of the universal uncertainty principle and their applications. In fact, our studies are consistent with current theories and physical factual experiments, e.g., relevant to hydrogen atom physics experiments. Using the new universal uncertainty principle, people can give all applications to atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum communication, quantum calculations, quantum computer and so on.
This paper discovers geometric unification theory of the grand unification and gravitational interactions and their new physics according to the general fiber bundle theory, symmetry and so on. Consequently, the research of this paper is based on the exact scientific bases of mathematics and physics. The Lagrangians of the grand unification and gravitational interactions are unifiedly deduced from quantitative causal principle (QCP) and satisfy the gauge invariant principle of general gauge fields interacting with Fermion and/or boson fields. The geometry and physics meanings of gauge invariant property of different physical systems are revealed, and it is discovered that all the Lagrangians of the four fundamental physics interactions are composed of the invariant quantities in corresponding spacetime structures. The difficulties that fundamental physics interactions and Noether theorem are not able to be unifiedly given and investigated are overcome, the geometric unification theory and origins of the four fundamental physics interactions and Noether theorem are shown by QCP, their two-order general Euler-Lagrange Equations and corresponding Noether conservation currents are derived in general curved spacetime. This paper further deduces QCP from symmetric principle. Consequently, geometric unification theory of the grand unification and gravitation theories and Noether theorem based on symmetric principle and the new physics are given in this paper. This paper further gives the unification of QCP and symmetric principle. Thus, this paper opens a door to both study and give new developments of geometric unification theory of physics laws, and using the new geometric unification theory, a lot of research works about different branches of physics can be anew done and expressed simpler with different symmetric characters.
This paper gives general intrinsic theory of general large $N_{c}$ QCD, SU(3) QCD, SU(2) hadron-dynamics and U(1) QED gauge field theories in general field theory and progress towards solving the nucleon spin crisis, i.e., presents general large $N_{c}$ QCDs inner structures, gauge invariant angular momenta and new corresponding Coulomb theorem in quark-gluon field interaction systems based on general field theory, and naturally deduces the gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum operators of quark and gauge fields with $SU(N_{c})$ gauge symmetry by Noether theorem in general field theory. In the general large $N_{c}$ QCD, we discover not only the general covariant transverse and parallel conditions ( namely, non-Abelian divergence and curl ), but also that this general system has good intrinsic symmetry characteristics. Specially, this papers generally decomposing gauge potential theory presents a new technique, it should play a votal role in future physics research. Therefore, this paper breakthroughs the some huge difficulties in the nucleon spin crisis and opens a door of researching on lots of strong interacting systems with different symmetric properties, which is popularly interesting, and keeps both the gauge invariance and their angular momentum commutation relations so that their theories are consistent. Especially, the achieved results here can be utilized to calculate the general QCD strong interactions and to give the precise predictions that can be exactly measured by current particle physics experiments due to their gauge invariant properties etc.
This paper presents the potential research on holographic Schwinger effect with rotating probe D3-brane etc. We discover, for zero temperature case in the Schwinger effect, the faster the angular velocity, the farther the distance of the test particles pair at D3-brane, the potential barrier of total potential energy also grows higher and wider. This paper discovers: at finite temperature, when S5 without rotation near the horizon, there is the failure of the Schwinger effect because the particles will remain at annihilate state, which is an absolute vacuum state. However, the angular velocity in S5 will avoid the existence of the absolute vacuum near the horizon. Both zero and finite temperature states, the achieved results completely agree with the results of the DBI action. So the theories of this paper are consistent, all these show that these theories will play important roles in pair production research in the future.
After the study of the preclusion of exotic meson states in large-$N_c$ limit QCD, combining Weinbergs opposite proposal, we get different counting orders for a tetraquark operator to create or destroy an one-tetraquark state. Meanwhile, by comparing tetraquark operator with the mesonic and gluonic operators, we find that tetraquark operators are similar with mesonic and gluonic operators in the counting. Furthermore, we find a mixing of different kinds of operators.
A generalization from the usual $5$-dimensional two-brane Randall-Sundrum (RS) model to a $6$-dimensional multi-brane RS model is presented. The extra dimensions are extended from one to two; correspondingly the single-variable warp function is generalized to be a double-variable function, to represent the two extra dimensions. In the analysis of the Einstein equation we have two remarkable discoveries. One is that, when branes are absent, the cosmological parameter distributed in the two extra dimensions acts as a function describing a family of circles. These circles are not artificially added ones but stem from the equations of motion, while their radii are inversely proportional to the square root of the cosmological parameter. The other discovery is that, on any circle, there symmetrically distribute four branes. Their tensions, $V_1 sim V_4$, satisfy a particular relationship $V_1=V_3=-V_2=-V_4=3M^4$, where $M$ is the $6$-dimensional fundamental scale of the RS model.
Considering a n-dimensional general spacetime, we deduce its 4-dimensional Einstein equation and Friedman equations, and discover a general dual relation between the scale factor $a(t)$ of our universe and the scale factor $B(t)$ of extra dimensions. Based on the dual relation equation, predictions of shrinking of extra dimensions and free of singularity problem of our universe are given. Therefore, solution to initial singularity paradox of our universe is achieved. Because the dual relation is general, this Letter discovers that it is just the extra dimensional shrinking contribution that results in our universes expanding in terms of the dual relation in the bulk space, and actually the dual relation is deduced doesnt depend on the 4-dimensional matter concrete Lagrangian, these are key important for a lot of future relative investigations.
We first review some aspects of gravitational wave and the thermodynamic expression of Einstein field equations, these achieved conclusions allow people to think of Einsteins gravitational wave as a kind of sound wave in ordinary gas which propagates as an adiabatic compression wave. In the following, using the properties of photon gas in white wall box, we find an analogous relationship between ordinary gas and photon gas through sound velocity formula. At last, by taking the ordinary gas as an intermediary, we find that gravitational wave is analogous to photon gas, or equally, gravitons are analogous to photons although they are different in some ways such as spins and coupling strengths, and these different properties dont affect their propagation speeds. Utilizing this analogous relationship, we achieve the gas model of gravitons and this model naturally gives out the light speed of gravitons
This Letter, i.e. for the first time, proves that a general invariant velocity is originated from the principle of special relativity, namely, discovers the origin of the general invariant velocity, and when the general invariant velocity is taken as the invariant light velocity in current theories, we get the corresponding special theory of relativity. Further, this Letter deduces triple special theories of relativity in cosmology, and cancels the invariant presumption of light velocity, it is proved that there exists a general constant velocity K determined by the experiments in cosmology, for K > 0, = 0 and < 0, they correspond to three kinds of possible relativistic theories in which the special theory of relativity is naturally contained for the special case of K > 0, and this Letter gives a prediction that, for K < 0, there is another likely case satisfying the principle of special relativity for some special physical systems in cosmology, in which the relativistic effects observed would be that the moving body would be lengthened, moving clock would be quickened. And the point of K = 0 is a bifurcation point, through which it gives out three types of possible universes in the cosmology (or multiverse). When a kind of matter with the maximally invariant velocity that may be superluminal or equal to light velocity is determined by experiments, then the invariant velocity can be taken as one of the general invariant velocity achieved in this Letter, then all results of current physical theories are consistent by utilizing this Letters theory.
Using Faddeev-Senjanovic path integral quantization for constrained Hamilton system, we quantize SU(n) N=2 supersymmetric gauge field system with non-abelian Chern-Simons topological term in 2+1 dimensions, and use consistency of a gauge condition naturally to deduce another gauge condition. Further, we get the generating functional of Green function in phase space, deduce the angular momentum based on the global canonical Noether theorem at quantum level, obtain the fractional spin of this supersymmetric system, and show that the total angular momentum has the orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum of the non-abelian gauge field. Finally, we find out the anomalous fractional spin and discover that the fractional spin has the contributions of both the group superscript components and the A_0^s (x) charge.
