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Microlensings events are predicted for the light coming from cosmological sources. In addition to the microlensing due to gravitation lensing, microlensing produced also by refraction of light due to either ionized, or not, gas clouds can be considered. A detailed prediction is here given assuming that the ray of light coming from the distant source traverses a gas cloud with a Kings density profile for various possible environments. We conclude that the additional deviation due to relativistic refraction is in most cases negligible compared to the gravitational deviation. Deviation due to refraction can anyway become an interesting analysis tool for future facility with great resolving power and the effects can be singled out with dedicated surveys.
Diffraction is important when nearby substellar objects gravitationally lens distant stars. If the wavelength of the observation is comparable to the Schwarzschild radius of lensing object, diffraction leaves an observable imprint on the lensing sign
We propose the existence of ultracompact minihalos as a new type of massive compact halo object (MACHO) and suggest an observational test to discover them. These new MACHOs are a powerful probe into the nature of dark matter and physics in the high e
Optical and X-ray observations of strongly gravitationally lensed quasars (especially when four separate images of the quasar are produced) determine not only the amount of matter in the lensing galaxy but also how much is in a smooth component and h
A brief essay on how studying neutrinos can help us to better understand the Universe.
We present analysis of the normalised 21-cm bispectrum from fully-numerical simulations of intergalactic-medium heating by stellar sources and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) during the cosmic dawn. Lyman-$alpha$ coupling is assumed to be saturated,