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We discuss some problems related to dimensional reductions of gravity theories to two-dimensional and one-dimensional dilaton gravity models. We first consider the most general cylindrical reductions of the four-dimensional gravity and derive the corresponding (1+1)-dimensional dilaton gravity, paying a special attention to a possibility of producing nontrivial cosmological potentials from pure geometric variables (so to speak, from `nothing). Then we discuss further reductions of two-dimensional theories to the dimension one by a general procedure of separating the space and time variables. We illustrate this by the example of the spherically reduced gravity coupled to scalar matter. This procedure is more general than the usual `naive reduction and apparently more general than the reductions using group theoretical methods. We also explain in more detail the earlier proposed `static-cosmological duality (SC-duality) and discuss some unusual cosmologies and static states which can be obtained by using the method of separating the space and time variables.
We discuss the AdS/CFT correspondence in which space-time emerges from an interacting theory of D-branes and open strings. These ideas have a historical continuity with QCD which is an interacting theory of quarks and gluons. In particular we review
We demonstrate an equivalence between two integrable flows defined in a polynomial ring quotiented by an ideal generated by a polynomial. This duality of integrable systems allows us to systematically exploit the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy and its t
Alday, Gaiotto, and Tachikawa conjectured relations between certain 4d N=2 supersymmetric field theories and 2d Liouville conformal field theory. We study generalizations of these relations to 4d theories with surface operators. For one type of surfa
We introduce generalized dimensional reductions of an integrable 1+1-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled to matter down to one-dimensional static states (black holes in particular), cosmological models and waves. An unusual feature of these reduction
In the investigation and resolution of the cosmological constant problem the inclusion of the dynamics of quantum gravity can be a crucial step. In this work we suggest that the quantum constraints in a canonical theory of gravity can provide a way o