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Electrically driven thermal changes in PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 bulk ceramics are investigated using temperature and electric-field dependent differential scanning calorimetry and infrared thermometry. On first application and removal of electric field, we find asymmetries in the magnitude of isothermal entropy change $Delta$ S and adiabatic temperature change $Delta$ T, due to hysteresis. On subsequent field cycling, we find further asymmetries in the magnitude of $Delta$ T due to non-linearity in the isofield legs of entropy-temperature plots.
An atomistic effective Hamiltonian is used to compute electrocaloric (EC) effects in rare-earth substituted BiFeO$_{3}$ multiferroics. A phenomenological model is then developed to interpret these computations, with this model indicating that the EC
Physical nature of giant magnetocaloric and electrocaloric effects, MCE and ECE, is explained in terms of the new fundamentals of phase transitions, ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. It is the latent heat of structural (nucleation-and-growth) phas
Atomistic effective Hamiltonian simulations are used to investigate electrocaloric (EC) effects in the lead-free Ba(Zr$_{0.5}$Ti$_{0.5}$)O$_{3}$ (BZT) relaxor ferroelectric. We find that the EC coefficient varies non-monotonically with the field at a
Ferroelectrics are attractive candidate materials for environmentally friendly solid state refrigeration free of greenhouse gases. Their thermal response upon variations of external electric fields is largest in the vicinity of their phase transition
We demonstrate the formation of metastable Neel-type skyrmion arrays in Pt/Co/Ni/Ir multi-layers at zero-field following textit{ex situ} application of an in-plane magnetic field using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The resultant skyrmion