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Motivated by mirror symmetry of one-parameter models, an interesting class of Fuchsian differential operators can be singled out, the so-called Calabi--Yau operators, introduced by Almkvist and Zudilin. They conjecturally determine $Sp(4)$-local systems that underly a $mathbb{Q}$-VHS with Hodge numbers [h^{3 0}=h^{2 1}=h^{1 2}=h^{0 3}=1] and in the best cases they make their appearance as Picard--Fuchs operators of families of Calabi--Yau threefolds with $h^{12}=1$ and encode the numbers of rational curves on a mirror manifold with $h^{11}=1$. We review some of the striking properties of this rich class of operators.
Let X be an n-dimensional Calabi-Yau with ordinary double points, where n is odd. Friedman showed that for n=3 the existence of a smoothing of X implies a specific type of relation between homology classes on a resolution of X. (The converse is also
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