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Pumping water using multiple energy sources is the ideal solution for supplying of potable water in isolated or arid areas. In this paper, an effective control and energy management strategy for a stand-alone photovoltaic-batteries water pumping system for agriculture applications is presented. The system is composed of photovoltaic solar panels as primary energy sources, and Lead-Acid batteries as seconder energy sources to supply the brushless DC motor and the centrifugal pump. The energy management strategy uses an intelligent algorithm to satisfy the energy demanded by the motor, also to maintain the state-of-charge of the battery between safe margins in order to eliminate the full discharge and the destruction of the batteries. Drift is a major problem in photovoltaic systems; this phenomenon occurs when the solar irradiation changes rapidly. Classical MPPT algorithms do not solve this problem, for this reason a modified P&O has been implemented, the obtained results shown the efficiency of the algorithm compared to the conventional P&O. Computer simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed energy management algorithm under random meteorological conditions.
Squaraine dyes (SQs) represent a versatile class of functional molecules with strong absorption and emission features, widely used as near-infrared sensitizers in organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices. In this context, the photodynamics of such mol
The increase in the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells affects negatively their power conversion efficiency and decreases their lifetime. The negative effects are particularly pronounced in concentrator solar cells. Therefore, it is crucial
The energy charging of a quantum battery is analyzed in an open quantum setting, where the interaction between the battery element and the external power source is mediated by an ancilla system (the quantum charger) that acts as a controllable switch
Very recently we developed an efficient method to calculate the free energy of 2D materials on substrates and achieved high calculation precision for graphene or $gamma$-graphyne on copper substrates. In the present work, the method was further confi
Optimization of materials performance for specific applications often requires balancing multiple aspects of materials functionality. Even for the cases where generative physical model of material behavior is known and reliable, this often requires s