Let g : $Omega$ = [0, 1] d $rightarrow$ R denote a Lipschitz function that can be evaluated at each point, but at the price of a heavy computational time. Let X stand for a random variable with values in $Omega$ such that one is able to simulate, at least approximately, according to the restriction of the law of X to any subset of $Omega$. For example, thanks to Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, this is always possible when X admits a density that is known up to a normalizing constant. In this context, given a deterministic threshold T such that the failure probability p := P(g(X) > T) may be very low, our goal is to estimate the latter with a minimal number of calls to g. In this aim, building on Cohen et al. [9], we propose a recursive and optimal algorithm that selects on the fly areas of interest and estimate their respective probabilities.
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