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The correction to the Coulomb energy due to virtual production of $e^+e^-$ pairs, which is on the order of one percent of the Coulomb energy at nuclear scales is discussed. The effects of including a pair-production term in the semi-empirical mass formula and the correction to the Coulomb barrier for a handful of nuclear collisions using the Bass and Coulomb potentials are studied. With an eye toward future work using Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model, we also calculate the correction to the Coulomb energy and force between protons after folding with a Gaussian spatial distribution.
A recently proposed method, based on quadrupole and multiplicity fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, is modified in order to take into account distortions due to the Coulomb field. This is particularly interesting for bosons produced in heavy ion c
The heavy ion total cross section for continuum e+ e- pair production has been calculated to all orders in Z alpha. The formula resulting from an exact solution of the semiclassical Dirac equation in the ultrarelativistic limit is evaluated numerical
Recently the splitting of elliptic flow $v_2$ at finite rapidities has been proposed as a result of the global vorticity in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using a multi-phase transport model that automatically includes the vorticity f
The heavy ion probability for continuum e+ e- pair production has been calculated to all orders in Z alpha as a function of impact parameter. The formula resulting from an exact solution of the semiclassical Dirac equation in the ultrarelativistic li
The heavy ion cross section for continuum e+ e- pair production has been calculated to all orders in Z alpha. Comparison is made with available CERN SPS and RHIC STAR data. Computed cross sections are found to be reduced from perturbation theory with