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We provide an observation method for gravitational waves using a pulsar timing array to extend the observational frequency range up to the rotational frequency of pulsars. For this purpose, we perform an analysis of a perturbed electromagnetic wave in perturbed spacetime from the field perspective. We apply the analysis to the received electromagnetic waves in a radio telescope, which partially composes the periodic electromagnetic pulse emitted by a pulsar. For simple observation, two frequency windows are considered. For each window, we propose gauge-invariant quantities and discuss their observations.
The maximum frequency of gravitational waves (GWs) detectable with traditional pulsar timing methods is set by the Nyquist frequency ($f_{rm{Ny}}$) of the observation. Beyond this frequency, GWs leave no temporal-correlated signals; instead, they app
Blazar OJ 287 is a candidate nanoHertz (nHz) gravitational wave (GW) source. In this article, we investigate the GWs generated by OJ 287 and their potential detection through a pulsar timing array (PTA). First, we obtain the orbit and the correspondi
The detection of a stochastic background of low-frequency gravitational waves by pulsar-timing and astrometric surveys will enable tests of gravitational theories beyond general relativity. These theories generally permit gravitational waves with non
We study how to probe bispectra of stochastic gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays. The bispectrum is a key to probe the origin of stochastic gravitational waves. In particular, the shape of the bispectrum carries valuable information of inf
The physical mechanisms responsible for pulsar timing glitches are thought to excite quasi-normal mode oscillations in their parent neutron star that couple to gravitational wave emission. In August 2006, a timing glitch was observed in the radio emi