The first observation of exotic states with a new quark content $c bar{c} u bar{s}$ decaying to the $J/psi K^+$ final state is reported with high significance from an amplitude analysis of the $B^+ to J/psi phi K^+$ decay. The analysis is carried out using proton-proton collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The most significant state, $Z_{cs}(4000)^+$, has a mass of $4003pm6,^{+,phantom{0}4}_{-,14}$ MeV, a width of $131pm15pm26$ MeV, and spin-parity $J^P=1^+$, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. A new $1^+$ $X(4685)$ state decaying to the $J/psi phi$ final state is also observed with high significance. In addition, the four previously reported $J/psi phi$ states are confirmed and two more exotic states, $Z_{cs}(4220)^+$ and $X(4630)$, are observed with significance exceeding five standard deviations.
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