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Decentralized renewable energy systems can be low-carbon power sources, and promoters of local economies. It is often argued that decentralized generation also helps reducing transmission costs, as generation is closer to the load, thus utilizing the transmission system less. The research presented here addresses the question whether or not, or under what circumstances this effect of avoided transmission can actually be seen for a community-operated cluster of photovoltaic (PV) power plants in two sample locations, one in Germany and one in Japan. For the analysis, the newly developed instrument of MPI-MPE diagrams is used, which plot the maximum power import (MPI) and maximum power export (MPE) in relation to the reference case of no local generation. Results reveal that for moderately sized PV systems without battery storage, avoided transmission can be seen in the Japanese model location, but not in Germany. It was also found that an additional battery storage can lead to avoided transmission in both locations, even for large sizes of installed PV capacity.
The increasing gap between electricity prices and feed-in tariffs for photovoltaic (PV) electricity in many countries, along with the recent strong cost degression of batteries, led to a rise in installed combined PV and battery systems worldwide. Th
Repurposing automotive batteries to second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS) may have environmental and economic benefits. The challenge with second-use batteries is the uncertainty and diversity of the expected packs in terms of their chem
We give the definition of s-Vector control by using the complex power vector in the p-q plane to quantify the feasible operational region of battery energy storage system (BESS) and to find the optimal power set-point solution. The s-Vector control f
The paper provides a comprehensive battery storage modelling approach, which accounts for operation- and degradation-aware characteristics, i.e., variable efficiency, internal resistance growth, and capacity fade. Based on the available experimental
Frequency response and voltage support are vital ancillary services for power grids. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a real-time control framework for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide ancillary services to power