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Causal concept for the general black hole shadow is investigated, instead of the photon sphere. We define several `wandering null geodesics as complete null geodesics accompanied by repetitive conjugate points, which would correspond to null geodesics on the photon sphere in Schwarzschild spacetime. We also define a `wandering set, that is, a set of totally wandering null geodesics as a counterpart of the photon sphere, and moreover, a truncated wandering null geodesic to symbolically discuss its formation. Then we examine the existence of a wandering null geodesic in general black hole spacetimes mainly in terms of Weyl focusing. We will see the essence of the black hole shadow is not the stationary cycling of the photon orbits which is the concept only available in a stationary spacetime, but their accumulation. A wandering null geodesic implies that this accumulation will be occur somewhere in an asymptotically flat spacetime.
In General Relativity, the spacetimes of black holes have three fundamental properties: (i) they are the same, to lowest order in spin, as the metrics of stellar objects; (ii) they are independent of mass, when expressed in geometric units; and (iii)
We present a scheme for generating first-order metric perturbation initial data for an arbitrary background and source. We then apply this scheme to derive metric perturbations in order-reduced dynamical Chern-Simons gravity (dCS). In particular, we
In this article, we provide a review of the current state of the research of the black hole shadow, focusing on analytical (as opposed to numerical and observational) studies. We start with particular attention to the definition of the shadow and its
We investigate the relationship between shadow radius and microstructure for a general static spherically symmetric black hole and confirm their close connection. In this regard, we take the Reissner-Nordstrom (AdS) black hole as an example to do the
A perturbed black hole rings down by emitting gravitational waves in tones with specific frequencies and durations. Such tones encode prized information about the geometry of the source spacetime and the fundamental nature of gravity, making the meas