ترغب بنشر مسار تعليمي؟ اضغط هنا

Work needed to drive a thermodynamic system between two distributions

270   0   0.0 ( 0 )
 نشر من قبل Yunxin Zhang
 تاريخ النشر 2019
  مجال البحث فيزياء
والبحث باللغة English
 تأليف Yunxin Zhang




اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث

In this study, the minimum amount of work needed to drive a thermodynamic system from one initial distribution to another in a given time duration is discussed. Equivalently, for given amount of work, the minimum time duration required to complete such a transition is obtained. Results show that the minimum amount of work is used to achieve the following three objectives, to increase the internal energy of the system, to decrease the system entropy, to change the mean position of the system, and with other nonzero part dissipated into environment. To illustrate the results, an example with explicit solutions is presented.



قيم البحث

اقرأ أيضاً

We discuss work performed on a quantum two-level system coupled to multiple thermal baths. To evaluate the work, a measurement of photon exchange between the system and the baths is envisioned. In a realistic scenario, some photons remain unrecorded as they are exchanged with baths that are not accessible to the measurement, and thus only partial information on work and heat is available. The incompleteness of the measurement leads to substantial deviations from standard fluctuation relations. We propose a recovery of these relations, based on including the mutual information given by the counting efficiency of the partial measurement. We further present the experimental status of a possible implementation of the proposed scheme, i.e. a calorimetric measurement of work, currently with nearly single-photon sensitivity.
127 - D. Nickelsen , A. Engel 2012
The asymptotic tails of the probability distributions of thermodynamic quantities convey important information about the physics of nanoscopic systems driven out of equilibrium. We apply a recently proposed method to analytically determine the asympt otics of work distributions in Langevin systems to an one-dimensional model of single-molecule force spectroscopy. The results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations, even in the centre of the distributions. We compare our findings with a recent proposal for an universal form of the asymptotics of work distributions in single-molecule experiments.
For a thermodynamic system obeying both the equipartition theorem in high temperature and the third law in low temperature, the curve showing relationship between the specific heat and the temperature has two common behaviors: it terminates at zero w hen the temperature is zero Kelvin and converges to a constant as temperature is higher and higher. Since it is always possible to find the characteristic temperature $T_{C}$ to mark the excited temperature as the specific heat almost reaches the equipartition value, it is reasonable to find a temperature in low temperature interval, complementary to $T_{C}$. The present study reports a possibly universal existence of the such a temperature $vartheta$, defined by that at which the specific heat falls textit{fastest} along with decrease of the temperature. For the Debye model of solids, above the temperature $vartheta$ the Debyes law starts to fail.
113 - D. Nickelsen , A. Engel 2011
We determine the complete asymptotic behaviour of the work distribution in driven stochastic systems described by Langevin equations. Special emphasis is put on the calculation of the pre-exponential factor which makes the result free of adjustable p arameters. The method is applied to various examples and excellent agreement with numerical simulations is demonstrated. For the special case of parabolic potentials with time-dependent frequencies, we derive a universal functional form for the asymptotic work distribution.
For closed quantum systems driven away from equilibrium, work is often defined in terms of projective measurements of initial and final energies. This definition leads to statistical distributions of work that satisfy nonequilibrium work and fluctuat ion relations. While this two-point measurement definition of quantum work can be justified heuristically by appeal to the first law of thermodynamics, its relationship to the classical definition of work has not been carefully examined. In this paper we employ semiclassical methods, combined with numerical simulations of a driven quartic oscillator, to study the correspondence between classical and quantal definitions of work in systems with one degree of freedom. We find that a semiclassical work distribution, built from classical trajectories that connect the initial and final energies, provides an excellent approximation to the quantum work distribution when the trajectories are assigned suitable phases and are allowed to interfere. Neglecting the interferences between trajectories reduces the distribution to that of the corresponding classical process. Hence, in the semiclassical limit, the quantum work distribution converges to the classical distribution, decorated by a quantum interference pattern. We also derive the form of the quantum work distribution at the boundary between classically allowed and forbidden regions, where this distribution tunnels into the forbidden region. Our results clarify how the correspondence principle applies in the context of quantum and classical work distributions, and contribute to the understanding of work and nonequilibrium work relations in the quantum regime.
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
mircosoft-partner

هل ترغب بارسال اشعارات عن اخر التحديثات في شمرا-اكاديميا