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We characterize the conditions under which a multi-time quantum process with a finite temporal resolution can be approximately described by an equilibrium one. By providing a generalization of the notion of equilibration on average, where a system remains closed to a fixed equilibrium for most times, to one which can be operationally assessed at multiple times, we place an upper-bound on a new observable distinguishability measure comparing a multi-time process with a finite temporal resolution against a fixed equilibrium one. While the same conditions on single-time equilibration, such as a large occupation of energy levels in the initial state remain necessary, we obtain genuine multi-time contributions depending on the temporal resolution of the process and the amount of disturbance of the observers operations on it.
The finite-time isothermal process is fundamental in quantum thermodynamics yet complicated with combination of changing control parameters and the interaction with the thermal bath. Such complexity prevents the direct application of the traditional
The time-frequency degree of freedom is a powerful resource for implementing high-dimensional quantum information processing. In particular, field-orthogonal pulsed temporal modes offer a flexible framework compatible with both long-distance fibre ne
Non-Markovian quantum processes exhibit different memory effects when measured in different ways; an unambiguous characterization of memory length requires accounting for the sequence of instruments applied to probe the system dynamics. This instrume
Measuring small separations between two optical sources, either in space or in time, constitute an important metrological challenge as standard intensity-only measurements fail for vanishing separations. Contrarily, it has been established that appro
Precise thermometry is of wide importance in science and technology in general and in quantum systems in particular. Here, we investigate fundamental precision limits for thermometry on cold quantum systems, taking into account constraints due to fin