ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Recent progress in very high energy (VHE, E >100 GeV) $gamma$-ray observations, together with advances in the extragalactic background light (EBL) modelling, allows to search for new phenomena such as $gamma$-axion-like particle ($gamma rightarrow$ ALP) oscillation and to explore the extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) strength and structure. These studies are usually performed by searching for some deviation from the so-called absorption-only model, that accounts for only primary photon absorption on the EBL and adiabatic losses. In fact, there exist several indications that the absorption-only model is incomplete. We present and discuss the intergalactic electromagnetic cascade model (IECM) --- the simplest model that allows to coherently explain all known anomalies. This model has a number of robust signatures that could be searched for with present and future instruments. The IECM model may serve as a new background template, allowing to make future searches for $gamma rightarrow$ ALP oscillation more robust. A detailed account of our calculations is available in astro-ph/1609.01013v2 (A&A,in print).
Secondary {gamma}-rays from intergalactic cascades may contribute to observable spectra of blazars, also modifying observable angular and temporal distributions. In this paper we briefly review basic features of intergalactic electromagnetic cascade
Recent detection of the neutrino event, IceCube-170922A by IceCube observatory from the Blazar TXS 0506+056 in the state of enhanced gamma ray emission indicates for acceleration of cosmic rays in the blazar jet. The non-detection of the broadline em
The intermediate-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (IBL) object 3C 66A is detected during 2007 - 2008 in VHE (very high energy: E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays with the VERITAS stereoscopic array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. An excess of 1791 even
Context. Most of the studies on extragalactic {gamma}-ray propagation performed up to now only accounted for primary gamma-ray absorption and adiabatic losses (absorption-only model). However, there is growing evidence that this model is oversimplifi
We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redsh