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تسجيل مستخدم جديدUnusual Dirac fermions on the surface of noncentrosymmetric $alpha$ - BiPd superconductor
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Combining multiple emergent correlated properties such as superconductivity and magnetism within the topological matrix can have exceptional consequences in garnering new and exotic physics. Here, we study the topological surface states from a noncentrosymmetric $alpha$-BiPd superconductor by employing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first principle calculations. We observe that the Dirac surface states of this system have several interesting and unusual properties, compared to other topological surface states. The surface state is strongly anisotropic and the in-plane Fermi velocity varies rigorously on rotating the crystal about the $y$-axis. Moreover, it acquires an unusual band gap as a function of $k_y$, possibly due to hybridization with bulk bands, detected upon varying the excitation energy. Coexistence of all the functional properties, in addition to the unusual surface state characteristics make this an interesting material.
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Materials with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have in recent years become a subject of intense research due to their potential applications in spintronics and quantum information technology. In particular, in systems which break inversion symmetry,
SOC facilitates the Rashba-Dresselhaus effect, leading to a lifting of spin degeneracy in the bulk and intricate spin textures of the Bloch wave functions. Here, by combining angular resolved photoemission (ARPES) and low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements with relativistic first-principles band structure calculations, we examine the role of SOC in single crystals of noncentrosymmetric BiPd. We report the detection of several Dirac surface states, one of which exhibits an extremely large spin splitting. Unlike the surface states in inversion-symmetric systems, the Dirac surface states of BiPd have completely different properties at opposite faces of the crystal and are not trivially linked by symmetry. The spin-splitting of the surface states exhibits a strong anisotropy by itself, which can be linked to the low in-plane symmetry of the surface termination.
In non-magnetic bulk materials, inversion symmetry protects the spin degeneracy. If the bulk crystal structure lacks a centre of inversion, however, spin-orbit interactions lift the spin degeneracy, leading to a Rashba metal whose Fermi surfaces exhi
bit an intricate spin texture. In superconducting Rashba metals a pairing wavefunction constructed from these complex spin structures will generally contain both singlet and triplet character. Here we examine the possible triplet components of the order parameter in noncentrosymmetric BiPd, combining for the first time in a noncentrosymmetric superconductor macroscopic characterization, atomic-scale ultra-low-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, and relativistic first-principles calculations. While the superconducting state of BiPd appears topologically trivial, consistent with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory with an order parameter governed by a single isotropic s-wave gap, we show that the material exhibits Dirac-cone surface states with a helical spin polarization.
Quantum materials having Dirac fermions in conjunction with superconductivity is believed to be the candidate materials to realize exotic physics as well as advanced technology. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), a direct probe of the
electronic structure, has been extensively used to study these materials. However, experiments often exhibit conflicting results on dimensionality and momentum of the Dirac Fermions (e.g. Dirac states in BiPd, a novel non-centrosymmetric superconductor), which is crucial for the determination of the symmetry, time-reversal invariant momenta and other emerging properties. Employing high-resolution ARPES at varied conditions, we demonstrated a methodology to identify the location of the Dirac node accurately and discover that the deviation from two-dimensionality of the Dirac states in BiPd proposed earlier is not a material property. These results helped to reveal the topology of the anisotropy of the Dirac states accurately. We have constructed a model Hamiltonian considering higher-order spin-orbit terms and demonstrate that this model provides an excellent description of the observed anisotropy. Intriguing features of the Dirac states in a non-centrosymmetric superconductor revealed in this study expected to have significant implication in the properties of topological superconductors.
The superconducting parameters and upper critical field of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd have proven contentious. This material is of particular interest because it is a singular example of a $4f$-electron-free noncentrosymmetric superco
nductor of which crystals may be grown and cleaved, enabling surface-sensitive spectroscopies. Here, using bulk probes augmented by tunnelling data on defects, we establish that the lower of the previously reported upper critical fields corresponds to the bulk transition. The material behaves as a nearly-weak-coupled BCS s-wave superconductor, and we report its superconducting parameters as drawn from the bulk upper critical field. Possible reasons behind the order-of-magnitude discrepancy in the reported upper critical fields are discussed.
We report measurements of London penetration depth $lambda(T)$ for the noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd by using a tunnel diode oscillator. Pronounced anisotropic behavior is observed in the low-temperature penetration depth; the in-plane penet
ration depth $lambda_{ac}(T)$ follows an exponential decrease, but the interplane penetration depth $lambda_b(T)$ shows power-law-type behavior. The superfluid density $rho_s(T)$, converted from the penetration depth $lambda(T)$, is best fitted by an anisotropic two-band BCS model. We argue that such a complex order parameter is attributed to the admixture of spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing states as a result of antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling in BiPd.
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