Fluctuations of conserved charges in a grand canonical ensemble can be calculated as derivatives of the free energy with respect to the respective chemical potential. They are directly related to experimentally available observables that describe the hadronization in heavy ion collisions. The same derivatives can be used to extrapolate zero density results to finite chemical potential. We review the recent lattice calculations in the staggered formalism and discuss its implications to phenomenology and resummed perturbation theory.
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