اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدOn the location of the supermassive black hole in CTA 102
201
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei represent one of the most powerful phenomena in the Universe. They form in the surroundings of the supermassive black holes as a by-product of accretion onto the central black hole in active galaxies. The flow in the jets propagates at velocities close to the speed of light. The distance between the first part of the jet that is visible in radio images (core) and the black hole is still a matter of debate. Only very-long-baseline interferometry observations resolve the innermost compact regions of the radio jet. Those can access the jet base, and combining data at different wavelenghts, address the physical parameters of the outflow from its emission. We have performed an accurate analysis of the frequency-dependent shift of the VLBI core location for a multi-wavelength set of images of the blazar CTA 102 including data from 6 cm down to 3 mm. The measure of the position of the central black hole, with mass $sim 10^{8.93},M_odot$, in the blazar CTA 102 reveals a distance of $sim 8times10^4$ gravitational radii to the 86 GHz core, in agreement with similar measures obtained for other blazars and distant radio galaxies, and in contrast with recent results for the case of nearby radio galaxies, which show distances between the black hole and the radio core that can be two orders of magnitude smaller.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
Spin measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) provide crucial constraints on the accretion processes that power active galactic nuclei (AGN), fuel outflows, and trigger black hole growth. However, spin measurements are mainly limited to a few
dozen nearby sources for which high quality, high S/N spectra (e.g., from Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, NuSTAR) are available. Here we measure the average SMBH spin of $sim$1900 AGN in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey using spectral stacking analysis. We find broad Fe K$alpha$ line emission in the average COSMOS spectrum (Gaussian width $sigma=0.27pm0.05$ keV), and by fitting this emission line profile with relativistic line models, we measure the average black hole spin parameter $a=0.62~substack{+0.07 -0.17}$. The sample size, availability of multiwavelength data, and spatial resolution of the COSMOS Legacy field also provide a unique environment to investigate the average SMBH spin as a function of other observables (e.g., redshift, luminosity) up to $zsim5.3$. We find that optically classified Type 1 sources have broader Fe K$alpha$ line emission than Type 2 sources. X-ray unobscured and obscured sources, as defined by their column densities, have widths that are consistent with the optically defined unobscured and obscured sources, respectively. There is some evidence for evolution of the Fe K$alpha$ width and black hole spin parameter with luminosity, but not conclusively with redshift. The results of this work provide insights into the average spins of SMBHs in AGN, shedding light on their growth mechanisms and observed co-evolution with their host galaxies.
Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) should form frequently in galactic nuclei as a result of galaxy mergers. At sub-parsec separations, binaries become strong sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), targeted by Pulsar Timing Arrays
(PTAs). We used recent upper limits on continuous GWs from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 11yr dataset to place constraints on putative SMBHBs in nearby massive galaxies. We compiled a comprehensive catalog of ~44,000 galaxies in the local universe (up to redshift ~0.05) and populated them with hypothetical binaries, assuming that the total mass of the binary is equal to the SMBH mass derived from global scaling relations. Assuming circular equal-mass binaries emitting at NANOGravs most sensitive frequency of 8nHz, we found that 216 galaxies are within NANOGravs sensitivity volume. We ranked the potential SMBHBs based on GW detectability by calculating the total signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) such binaries would induce within the NANOGrav array. We placed constraints on the chirp mass and mass ratio of the 216 hypothetical binaries. For 19 galaxies, only very unequal-mass binaries are allowed, with the mass of the secondary less than 10 percent that of the primary, roughly comparable to constraints on a SMBHB in the Milky Way. Additionally, we were able to exclude binaries delivered by major mergers (mass ratio of at least 1/4) for several of these galaxies. We also derived the first limit on the density of binaries delivered by major mergers purely based on GW data.
We consider black hole - galaxy coevolution using simple analytic arguments. We focus on the fact that several supermassive black holes are known with masses significantly larger than suggested by the $M - {sigma}$ relation, sometimes also with rathe
r small stellar masses. We show that these are likely to have descended from extremely compact `blue nugget galaxies born at high redshift, whose very high velocity dispersions allowed the black holes to reach unusually large masses. Subsequent interactions reduce the velocity dispersion, so the black holes lie above the usual $M - {sigma}$ relation and expel a large fraction of the bulge gas (as in WISE J104222.11+164115.3) that would otherwise make stars, before ending at low redshift as very massive holes in galaxies with relatively low stellar masses, such as NGC 4889 and NGC 1600. We further suggest the possible existence of two new types of galaxy: low-mass dwarfs whose central black holes lie below the $M - {sigma}$ relation at low redshift, and galaxies consisting of very massive ($gtrsim 10^{11}$M$_{odot}$) black holes with extremely small stellar masses. This second group would be very difficult to detect electromagnetically, but potentially offer targets of considerable interest for LISA.
Graham et al. (2015a) reported a periodically varying quasar and supermassive black hole binary candidate, PG1302-102 (hereafter PG1302), which was discovered in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS). Its combined Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid
Research (LINEAR) and CRTS optical light curve is well fitted to a sinusoid of an observed period of $approx 1,884$ days and well modeled by the relativistic Doppler boosting of the secondary mini-disk (DOrazio et al. 2015). However, the LINEAR+CRTS light curve from MJD $approx 52700$ to MJD $approx 56400$ covers only $sim 2$ cycles of periodic variation, which is a short baseline that can be highly susceptible to normal, stochastic quasar variability (Vaughan et al. 2016). In this Letter, we present a re-analysis of PG1302, using the latest light curve from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), which extends the observational baseline to the present day (MJD $approx 58200$), and adopting a maximum likelihood method which searches for a periodic component in addition to stochastic quasar variability. When the ASAS-SN data are combined with the previous LINEAR+CRTS data, the evidence for periodicity decreases. For genuine periodicity one would expect that additional data would strengthen the evidence, so the decrease in significance may be an indication that the binary model is disfavored.
PG1302-102 is thought to be a supermassive binary black hole (BBH) system according to the periodical variations of its optical and UV photometry, which may be interpreted as being due to the relativistic Doppler boosting of the emission mainly from
the disk around the secondary black hole (BH) modulated by its orbital motion. In this paper, we investigate several broad emission lines of PG1302-102 using archived UV spectra obtained by IUE, GALEX, and Hubble, to reveal the broad-line region (BLR) emission properties of this BBH system under the Doppler boosting scenario. We find that the broad lines Ly$alpha$, NV, CIV, and CIII] all show Gaussian profiles, and none of these lines exhibits obvious periodical variation. Adopting a simple model for the BLR, we perform Markov chain Monte Carlo fittings to these broad lines, and find that the BLR must be viewed at an orientation angle of $sim33^{circ}$, close to face-on. If the Doppler boosting interpretation is correct, then the BLR is misaligned with the BBH orbital plane by an angle of $sim51^circ$, which suggests that the Doppler boosted continuum variation has little effect on the broad-line emission and thus does not lead to periodical line variation. We further discuss the possible implications for such a BLR configuration with respect to the BBH orbital plane.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
