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Continuous wave optically and electrically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy (cwODMR/cwEDMR) allow the investigation of paramagnetic states involved in spin-dependent transitions, like recombination and transport. Although experimentally similar to conventional electron spin resonance (ESR), there exist limitations when applying models originally developed for ESR to observables (luminescence and electric current) of cwODMR and cwEDMR. Here we present closed-form solutions for the modulation frequency dependence of cwODMR and cwEDMR based on an intermediate pair recombination model and discuss ambiguities which arise when attempting to distinguish the dominant spin-dependent processes underlying experimental data. These include: 1) a large number of quantitatively different models cannot be differentiated, 2) signs of signals are determined not only by recombination, but also by other processes like dissociation, intersystem-crossing, pair generation, and even experimental parameter such as, modulation frequency, microwave power, and temperature, 3) radiative and non-radiative recombination cannot be distinguished due to the observed signs of cwODMR and cwEDMR experiments.
The authors demonstrate readout of electrically detected magnetic resonance at radio frequencies by means of an LCR tank circuit. Applied to a silicon field-effect transistor at milli-kelvin temperatures, this method shows a 25-fold increased signal-
The investigation of paramagnetic species (such as point defects, dopants, and impurities) in solid-state electronic devices is significant because of their effect on device performance. Conventionally, these species are detected and imaged using the
We show that in pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (pEDMR) signal modulation in combination with a lock-in detection scheme can reduce the low-frequency noise level by one order of magnitude and in addition removes the microwave-induced
Electrically-detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) provides a highly sensitive method for reading out the state of donor spins in silicon. The technique relies on a spin-dependent recombination (SDR) process involving dopant spins that are coupled to in
We present the design and implementation of a scanning probe microscope, which combines electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and (photo-)conductive atomic force microscopy ((p)cAFM). The integration of a 3-loop 2-gap X-band microwave reson