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We present some aspects of photon counting to study scintillators at low temperatures. A time-to-digital converter (TDC) had been configured to acquire several-minute-long streams of data, simplifying the multiple photon counting coincidence technique. Results in terms of light yield and time structure of a ZnWO4 scintillator are comparable to those obtained with a fast digitizer. Streaming data also provides flexibility in analyzing the data, in terms of coincidence window between the channels, and acquisition window of individual channels. We discuss the effect of changing these parameters, and use them to confirm low-energy features in the spectra of the number of detected photons, such as the 60 keV line from 241Am in the ZnWO4 sample. We lastly use the TDC to study the transmission of the optical cryostat employed in these studies at various temperatures.
Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot of off-the-shelf TDCs can be employed but the necessity of a custom DAta acQuisition (DAQ) system makes the TDCs implemented on the Field-Programmable G
We present the design and test results of a Time-to-Digital-Converter (TDC). The TDC will be a part of the readout ASIC, called ETROC, to read out Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) for the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of High-Luminosity LHC upgra
Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are used in various fields, including high-energy physics. One advantage of implementing TDCs in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is the flexibility on the modification of the logics, which is useful to cope wi
A high-precision charge measurement can be achieved by the area integration of a digitized quasi-Gaussian signal after the signal passes through the shaper and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The charge measurement contains an error due to the unc
A 33.6 ps LSB Time-to-Digital converter was designed in 130 nm BiCMOS technology. The core of the converter is a differential 9-stage ring oscillator, based on a multi-path architecture. A novel version of this design is proposed, along with an analy