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Stars form in spatially and temporarily correlated star formation events (CSFEs) and the dynamical processes within these embedded clusters leave imprints in the stellar populations in galactic fields. Such imprints are correlations in phase space (e.g. gravitationally bound star clusters, tidal streams), in the binary properties of stars and in the present-day stellar mass functions in the surviving clusters. The dynamical processes include expulsion of massive stars from cluster cores, disruption of CSFEs due to residual gas expulsion and energy-equipartition driven evaporation of stars from clusters leading to dark star clusters and cold kinematical streams with epicyclic overdensities. The properties of such phase-space structures in the Milky Way (MW) field depend on the effective gravitational potential of the MW. GAIA data will significantly constrain all of these aspects, and will in particular impact on gravitational dynamics via the properties of cold streams and on star-formation via the constraint on the gas expulsion process through the expanding unbound populations that must be associated with every CSFE.
Whether or not the initial star cluster mass function is established through a universal, galactocentric-distance-independent stochastic process, on the scales of individual galaxies, remains an unsolved problem. This debate has recently gained new i
Ongoing surveys are in the process of measuring the chemical abundances in large numbers of stars, with the ultimate goal of reconstructing the formation history of the Milky Way using abundances as tracers. However, interpretation of these data requ
Feedback from photoionisation may dominate on parsec scales in massive star-forming regions. Such feedback may inhibit or enhance the star formation efficiency and sustain or even drive turbulence in the parent molecular cloud. Photoionisation feedba
Star clusters form in dense, hierarchically collapsing gas clouds. Bulk kinetic energy is transformed to turbulence with stars forming from cores fed by filaments. In the most compact regions, stellar feedback is least effective in removing the gas a
Over the next decade, observations conducted with ALMA and the SKA will reveal the process of mass assembly and accretion onto young stars and will be revolutionary for studies of star formation. Here we summarise the capabilities of ALMA and discuss