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In this paper, we study the diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic-ray protons and nuclei, taking into account all the relevant interaction processes with photon backgrounds. We investigate how the competition between protons and nuclei is modified by the acceleration parameters such as the acceleration rate, its rigidity dependence, the photon density and the confinement capability of the sources. We find that in the case of interaction-limited acceleration processes protons are likely to be accelerated to higher energies than nuclei, whereas for confinement-limited acceleration nuclei are accelerated to higher energies than protons. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of possible astrophysical accelerators, and in the light of recent cosmic-ray data.
We consider the stochastic propagation of high-energy protons and nuclei in the cosmological microwave and infrared backgrounds, using revised photonuclear cross-sections and following primary and secondary nuclei in the full 2D nuclear chart. We con
I discuss the shape of the high energy end of the spectrum of particles arising from diffusive shock acceleration in the presence of (i) additional diffusive escape from the accelerator, (ii) continuous energy losses, (iii) energy changes arising fro
The NUCLEON experiment is designed to measure chemical composition of cosmic rays with charges from Z=1 to 30 in an energy region from 5*10^11 to 10^15 eV. In this article the data analysis algorithm and spectra of Ni and Fe nuclei, measured in the NUCLEON experiment, are presented.
The emission mechanism for hard $gamma$-ray spectra from supernova remnants (SNRs) is still a matter of debate. Recent multi-wavelength observations of TeV source HESS J1912+101 show that it is associated with an SNR with an age of $sim 100$ kyrs, ma
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been held as one of the most promising sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos. The internal shock model of GRB emission posits the joint production of UHE cosmic ray (UHECRs, above 10^8 GeV), photons, and neutr