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Central collisions of gold nuclei are simulated by several existing models and the central net baryon density rho and the energy density eps are extracted at successive times, for beam kinetic energies of 5-40 GeV per nucleon. The resulting trajectories in the (rho,eps) phase plane are discussed from the perspective of experimentally exploring the expected first-order hadronization phase transition with the planned FAIR at GSI or in a low-energy campaign at RHIC.
The spinodal amplification of density fluctuations is treated perturbatively within dissipative fluid dynamics for the purpose of elucidating the prospects for this mechanism to cause a phase separation to occur during a relativistic nuclear collisio
The sign change of the slope of the directed flow of baryons has been predicted as a signal for a first order phase transition within fluid dynamical calculations. Recently, the directed flow of identified particles has been measured by the STAR coll
Multiplicity distributions of hadrons produced in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied within the hadron-resonance gas model in the large volume limit. In the canonical ensemble conservation of three charges (baryon number, electric charge,
In nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies matter is formed with initial energy density significantly exceeding the critical energy density for the transition from hadronic to partonic matter. We will review the experimental evidenc
Three-pion interferometry is investigated for new information on the space-time structure of the pion source created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The two- and three-pion correlations are numerically computed for incoherent source funct