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تسجيل مستخدم جديدDetection of the Natural Alpha Decay of Tungsten
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The natural alpha decay of 180W has been unambiguously detected for the first time. The alpha peak is found in a (gamma,beta and neutron)-free background spectrum. This has been achieved by the simultaneous measurement of phonon and light signals with the CRESST cryogenic detectors. A half-life of T1/2 = (1.8 +- 0.2) x 10^18 y and an energy release of Q = (2516.4 +- 1.1 (stat.) +- 1.2 (sys.)) keV have been measured. New limits are also set on the half-lives of the other naturally occurring tungsten isotopes.
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The indication for the alpha decay of 180-W with a half-life T1/2=1.1+0.8-0.4(stat)+-0.3(syst)x10^18 yr has been observed for the first time with the help of the super-low background 116-CdWO_4 crystal scintillators. In conservative approach the lowe
r limit on half-life of 180-W has been established as T1/2>0.7x10^18 yr at 90% C.L. Besides, new T1/2 bounds were set for alpha decay of 182-W, 183-W, 184-W and 186-W at the level of 10^20 yr.
The decay properties of the ground state and excited states of $^{257}$Rf have been investigated with the detector array GABRIELA at the FLNR, Dubna. The electromagnetic decay of a new excited state in $^{253}$No has been observed. The state lies 750
keV above the ground state and is favourably populated in the alpha decay of the low-lying spin isomer of $^{257}$Rf. It decays to the 9/2$^-$ ground state by an M1 transition and is assigned the 11/2$^-$[725] Nilsson configuration. The presence of this state suggests a possible reinterpretation of the decay of the high-K isomer in $^{253}$No.
Fine structure in the $alpha$ decay of $^{223}$U was observed in the fusion-evaporation reaction $^{187}$Re($^{40}$Ar, p3n) by using fast digital pulse processing technique. Two $alpha$-decay branches of $^{223}$U feeding the ground state and 244 keV
excited state of $^{219}$Th were identified by establishing the decay chain $^{223}$U $xrightarrow{alpha_{1}}$ $^{219}$Th $xrightarrow{alpha_{2}}$ $^{215}$Ra $xrightarrow{alpha_{3}}$ $^{211}$Rn. The $alpha$-particle energy for the ground-state to ground-state transition of $^{223}$U was determined to be 8993(17) keV, 213 keV higher than the previous value, the half-life was updated to be 62$^{+14}_{-10}$ $mu$s. Evolution of nuclear structure for $N$ = 131 even-$Z$ isotones from Po to U was discussed in the frameworks of nuclear mass and reduced $alpha$-decay width, a weakening octupole deformation in the ground state of $^{223}$U relative to its lighter isotones $^{219}$Ra and $^{221}$Th was suggested.
Double beta processes in 64-Zn, 70-Zn, 180-W, and 186-W have been searched for with the help of large volume (0.1-0.7 kg) low background ZnWO4 crystal scintillators at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN. Total time of measurements excee
ds 10 thousands hours. New improved half-life limits on double electron capture and electron capture with positron emission in 64-Zn have been set, in particular (all the limits are at 90% C.L.): T1/2(0nu2EC)> 1.1e20 yr, T1/2(2nuECbeta+)>7.0e20 yr, and T1/2(0nuECbeta+)>4.3e20 yr. The different modes of double beta processes in 70-Zn, 180-W, and 186-W have been restricted at the level of 1e17-1e20 yr.
While the 12C(a,g)16O reaction plays a central role in nuclear astrophysics, the cross section at energies relevant to hydrostatic helium burning is too small to be directly measured in the laboratory. The beta-delayed alpha spectrum of 16N can be us
ed to constrain the extrapolation of the E1 component of the S-factor; however, with this approach the resulting S-factor becomes strongly correlated with the assumed beta-alpha branching ratio. We have remeasured the beta-alpha branching ratio by implanting 16N ions in a segmented Si detector and counting the number of beta-alpha decays relative to the number of implantations. Our result, 1.49(5)e-5, represents a 24% increase compared to the accepted value and implies an increase of 14% in the extrapolated S-factor.
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