Differential cross sections for quasi-free Compton scattering from the proton and neutron bound in the deuteron have been measured using the Glasgow/Mainz tagging spectrometer at the Mainz MAMI accelerator together with the Mainz 48 cm $oslash$ $times$ 64 cm NaI(Tl) photon detector and the Gottingen SENECA recoil detector. The data cover photon energies ranging from 200 MeV to 400 MeV at $theta^{LAB}_gamma=136.2^circ$. Liquid deuterium and hydrogen targets allowed direct comparison of free and quasi-free scattering from the proton. The neutron detection efficiency of the SENECA detector was measured via the reaction $p(gamma,pi^+ n)$. The free proton Compton scattering cross sections extracted from the bound proton data are in reasonable agreement with those for the free proton which gives confidence in the method to extract the differential cross section for free scattering from quasi-free data. Differential cross sections on the free neutron have been extracted and the difference of the electromagnetic polarizabilities of the neutron have been obtained to be $alpha-beta= 9.8pm 3.6(stat){}^{2.1}_1.1(syst)pm 2.2(model)$ in units $10^{-4}fm^3$. In combination with the polarizability sum $alpha +beta=15.2pm 0.5$ deduced from photoabsorption data, the neutron electric and magnetic polarizabilities, $alpha_n=12.5pm 1.8(stat){}^{+1.1}_{-0.6}pm 1.1(model)$ and $beta_n=2.7mp 1.8(stat){}^{+0.6}_{-1.1}(syst)mp 1.1(model)$ are obtained. The backward spin polarizability of the neutron was determined to be $gamma^{(n)}_pi=(58.6pm 4.0)times 10^{-4}fm^4$.
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