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The existence in the physical QCD vacuum of nonzero gluon condensates, such as $<g^2F^2>$, requires dominance of gluon fields with finite mean action density. This naturally allows any real number value for the unit ``topological charge $q$ characterising the fields approximating the gluon configurations which should dominate the QCD partition function. If $q$ is an irrational number then the critical values of the $theta$ parameter for which CP is spontaneously broken are dense in $mathbb{R}$, which provides for a mechanism of resolving the strong CP problem simultaneously with a correct implementation of $U_{rm A}(1)$ symmetry. We present an explicit realisation of this mechanism within a QCD motivated domain model. Some model independent arguments are given that suggest the relevance of this mechanism also to genuine QCD.
We derive sufficient conditions that guarantee a robust solution of the strong CP problem in theories with spontaneous CP violation, and introduce a class of models satisfying these requirements. In the simplest scenarios the dominant contribution to
Current upper bounds of the neutron electric dipole moment constrain the physically observable quantum chromodynamic (QCD) vacuum angle $|bartheta| lesssim 10^{-11}$. Since QCD explains vast experimental data from the 100 MeV scale to the TeV scale,
Many meson processes are related to the U_A(1) axial anomaly, present in the Feynman graphs where fermion loops connect axial vertices with vector vertices. However, the coupling of pseudoscalar mesons to quarks does not have to be formulated via axi
We construct a theory in which the solution to the strong CP problem is an emergent property of the background of the dark matter in the Universe. The role of the axion degree of freedom is played by multi-body collective excitations similar to spin-
For all the success of the Standard Model (SM), it is on the verge of being surpassed. In this regard we argue, by showing a minimal flavor-structured model based on the non-Abelian discrete $SL_2(F_3)$ symmetry, that $U(1)$ mixed-gravitational anoma