Many fluctuating systems consist of macroscopic structures in addition to noisy signals. Thus, for this class of fluctuating systems, the scaling behaviors are very complicated. Such phenomena are quite commonly observed in Nature, ranging from physics, chemistry, geophysics, even to molecular biology and physiology. In this paper, we take an extensive analytical study on the ``generalized detrended fluctuation analysis method. For continuous fluctuating systems in arbitrary dimensions, we not only derive the explicit and exact expression of macroscopic structures, but also obtain the exact relations between the detrended variance functions and the correlation function. Besides, we undertake a general scaling analysis, applicable for this class of fluctuating systems in any dimensions. Finally, as an application, we discuss some important examples in interfacial superroughening phenomena.
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