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We consider the current density distribution function of a flux creep regime in type-II superconductors by mapping the flux creep process to the dynamics of a model with a self-organized criticality. We use an extremal Robin Hood type model which evolves to Beens type critical state to treat magnetic flux penetration into a superconductor and derive an analog of the current-voltage characteristics in the flux creep region.
Pinning and creep determine the current--voltage characteristic of a type II superconductor and thereby its potential for technological applications. The recent development of strong pinning theory provides us with a tool to assess a superconductors
Flux vortices in superconductors can be imaged using transmission electron microscopy because the electron beam is deflected by the magnetic flux associated with the vortices. This technique has a better spatial and temporal resolution than many othe
The shape of clouds has proven to be essential for classifying them. Our analysis of images from fair weather cumulus clouds reveals that, besides by turbulence they are driven by self-organized criticality (SOC). Our observations yield exponents tha
A review is given on the theory of vortex-glass phases in impure type-II superconductors in an external field. We begin with a brief discussion of the effects of thermal fluctuations on the spontaneously broken U(1) and translation symmetries, on the
Self-organized criticality (SOC) refers to the ability of complex systems to evolve towards a 2nd-order phase transition at which interactions between system components lead to scale-invariant events beneficial for system performance. For the last tw