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After briefly reviewing the good agreement between large-scale observations and the predictions of the now-standard CDM theory and problems with the MOND alternative, I summarize several of the main areas of possible disagreement between theory and observation: galaxy centers, dark matter substructure, angular momentum, and the sequence of cosmogony, updating earlier reviews [1]. All of these issues are sufficiently complicated that it is not yet clear how serious they are, but there is at least some reason to think that the problems will be resolved through a deeper understanding of the complicated gastrophysics of star formation and feedback from supernovae and AGN.
The German-British laser-interferometric gravitational wave detector GEO 600 is in its 14th year of operation since its first lock in 2001. After GEO 600 participated in science runs with other first-generation detectors, a program known as GEO-HF be
Agent-based models have been employed to describe numerous processes in immunology. Simulations based on these types of models have been used to enhance our understanding of immunology and disease pathology. We review various agent-based models relev
The good agreement between large-scale observations and the predictions of the now-standard $Lambda$CDM theory gives us hope that this will become a lasting foundation for cosmology. After briefly reviewing the current status of the key cosmological
We present a personal view of the state of the art in turbulence research. We summarize first the main achievements in the recent past, and then point ahead to the main challenges that remain for experimental and theoretical efforts.
I review the current status of structure formation bounds on neutrino properties such as mass and energy density. I also discuss future cosmological bounds as well as a variety of different scenarios for reconciling cosmology with the presence of light sterile neutrinos.