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In quantum mechanics, the wave-function only predicts probabilities of measurement outcomes, not individual outcomes. This suggests that it describes an ensemble of states with different values of a hidden variable. Here, we analyse this idea with reference to currently known theorems and experiments. We argue that the $psi$-ontic/epistemic distinction fails to properly identify ensemble interpretations and propose a more useful definition. We then show that all $psi$-ensemble interpretations which reproduce quantum mechanics violate Statistical Independence. Finally, we explain how this interpretation helps make sense of some otherwise puzzling phenomena in quantum mechanics, such as the delayed choice experiment, the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb detector, and the Extended Wigners Friends Scenario.
The Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics exploits the intrinsic time-symmetry of wave mechanics to interpret the $psi$ and $psi$* wave functions present in all wave mechanics calculations as representing retarded and advanced waves movin
We present a new quasi-probability distribution function for ensembles of spin-half particles or qubits that has many properties in common with Wigners original function for systems of continuous variables. We show that this function provides clear a
A single-particle multi-branched wave-function is studied. Usual which-path tests show that if the detector placed on one branch clicks, the detectors on the other branches remain silent. By the collapse postulate, after this click, the state of the
We address the impossibility of achieving exact time reversal in a system with many degrees of freedom. This is a particular example of the difficult task of aiming an initial classical state so as to become a specific final state. We also comment on
Light pollution is actively destroying our ability to see the stars. Many Indigenous traditions and knowledge systems around the world are based on the stars, and the peoples ability to observe and interpret stellar positions and properties is of cri