We present a systematic global analysis of dineutrino modes $b to q , u bar u$, $q=d,s$, and charged dilepton $b to q ,ell^+ ell^-$ transitions. We derive improved or even entirely new limits on dineutrino branching ratios including decays $B^0 to (K^0 , X_s), u bar u$, $B_s to phi , u bar u$ and $B^0 to (pi^0, rho^0), u bar u$ from dineutrino modes which presently are best constrained: $B^+ to (K^+,pi^+, rho^+) , u bar u$ and $B^0 to K^{*0} , u bar u$. Using SMEFT we obtain new flavor constraints from the dineutrino modes, which are stronger than the corresponding ones from charged dilepton rare $b$-decay or Drell-Yan data, for $e tau$ and $tau tau$ final states, as well as for $mu tau$ ones in $b to s$ processes. The method also allows to put novel constraints on semileptonic four-fermion operators with top quarks. Implications for ditau modes $b to s , tau^+ tau^-$ and $b to d , tau^+ tau^-$ are worked out. Furthermore, the interplay between dineutrinos and charged dileptons allows for concrete, novel tests of lepton universality in rare $B$-decays. Performing a global fit to $b to s ,mu^+ mu^-, ,s gamma$ transitions we find that lepton universality predicts the ratio of the $B^0 to K^{*0} , u bar u$ to $B^0 to K^0 , u bar u$ ($B^+ to K^+ , u bar u$) branching fractions to be within 1.7 to 2.6 (1.6 to 2.4) at $1,sigma$, a region that includes the standard model, and that can be narrowed with improved charged dilepton data. There is sizable room outside this region where universality is broken and that can be probed with the Belle II experiment. Using results of a fit to $B^0 to mu^+ mu^-$, $B^0_sto bar{K}^{ast 0},mu^+mu^-$ and $ B^+ to pi^+, mu^+ mu^-$ data we obtain an analogous relation for $|Delta b|=|Delta d|=1$ transitions.
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