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High-order, beyond-pairwise interdependencies are at the core of biological, economic, and social complex systems, and their adequate analysis is paramount to understand, engineer, and control such systems. This paper presents a framework to measure high-order interdependence that disentangles their effect on each individual pattern exhibited by a multivariate system. The approach is centred on the local O-information, a new measure that assesses the balance between synergistic and redundant interdependencies at each pattern. To illustrate the potential of this framework, we present a detailed analysis of music scores from J.S. Bach, which reveals how high-order interdependence is deeply connected with highly non-trivial aspects of the musical discourse. Our results place the local O-information as a promising tool of wide applicability, which opens new perspectives for analysing high-order relationships in the patterns exhibited by complex systems.
This article introduces a model-agnostic approach to study statistical synergy, a form of emergence in which patterns at large scales are not traceable from lower scales. Our framework leverages various multivariate extensions of Shannons mutual info
We address the problem of efficiently and informatively quantifying how multiplets of variables carry information about the future of the dynamical system they belong to. In particular we want to identify groups of variables carrying redundant or syn
It is shown that prize changes of the US dollar - German Mark exchange rates upon different delay times can be regarded as a stochastic Marcovian process. Furthermore we show that from the empirical data the Kramers-Moyal coefficients can be estimate
Recommender systems are significant to help people deal with the world of information explosion and overload. In this Letter, we develop a general framework named self-consistent refinement and implement it be embedding two representative recommendat
Life and language are discrete combinatorial systems (DCSs) in which the basic building blocks are finite sets of elementary units: nucleotides or codons in a DNA sequence and letters or words in a language. Different combinations of these finite uni