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Broadband access is key to ensuring robust economic development and improving quality of life. Unfortunately, the communication infrastructure deployed in rural areas throughout the world lags behind its urban counterparts due to low population density and economics. This article examines the motivations and challenges of providing broadband access over vast rural regions, with an emphasis on the wireless aspect in view of its irreplaceable role in closing the digital gap. Applications and opportunities for future rural wireless communications are discussed for a variety of areas, including residential welfare, digital agriculture, and transportation. This article also comprehensively investigates current and emerging wireless technologies that could facilitate rural deployment. Although there is no simple solution, there is an urgent need for researchers to work on coverage, cost, and reliability of rural wireless access.
5G wireless communications technology is being launched, with many smart applications being integrated. However, 5G specifications merge the requirements of new emerging technologies forcefully. These include data rate, capacity, latency, reliability
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a cost- and energy-efficient technology that can customize and program the physical propagation environment by reflecting radio waves in preferred directions. However, the purely passive refl
Many emerging technologies, such as ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO), terahertz (THz) communications are under active discussion as promising technologies to support the extremely high access rate and superior network capacity i
A plethora of demanding services and use cases mandate a revolutionary shift in the management of future wireless network resources. Indeed, when tight quality of service demands of applications are combined with increased complexity of the network,
Recent advances in the fabrication and experimentation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have motivated the concept of the smart radio environment, according to which the propagation of information-bearing waveforms in the wireless medium