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تسجيل مستخدم جديدA Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
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Observing the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect during a planetary transit allows the determination of the angle $lambda$ between the sky projections of the stars spin axis and the planets orbital axis. Such observations have revealed a large population of well-aligned systems and a smaller population of misaligned systems, with values of $lambda$ ranging up to 180$^circ$. For a subset of 57 systems, we can now go beyond the sky projection and determine the 3-d obliquity $psi$ by combining the Rossiter-McLaughlin data with constraints on the line-of-sight inclination of the spin axis. Here we show that the misaligned systems do not span the full range of obliquities; they show a preference for nearly-perpendicular orbits ($psi=80-125^circ$) that seems unlikely to be a statistical fluke. If confirmed by further observations, this pile-up of polar orbits is a clue about the unknown processes of obliquity excitation and evolution.
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