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تسجيل مستخدم جديدAsteroseismic Inference of the Central Structure in a Subgiant Star
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Asteroseismic measurements enable inferences of the underlying stellar structure, such as the density and the speed of sound at various points within the interior of the star. This provides an opportunity to test stellar evolution theory by assessing whether the predicted structure of a star agrees with the measured structure. Thus far, this kind of inverse analysis has only been applied to the Sun and three solar-like main-sequence stars. Here we extend the technique to stars on the subgiant branch, and apply it to one of the best-characterized subgiants of the Kepler mission, HR 7322. The observation of mixed oscillation modes in this star facilitates inferences of the conditions of its inert helium core, nuclear-burning hydrogen shell, and the deeper parts of its radiative envelope. We find that despite significant differences in the mode frequencies, the structure near to the center of this star does not differ significantly from the predicted structure.
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With the observations of an unprecedented number of oscillating subgiant stars expected from NASAs TESS mission, the asteroseismic characterization of subgiant stars will be a vital task for stellar population studies and for testing our theories of
stellar evolution. To determine the fundamental properties of a large sample of subgiant stars efficiently, we developed a deep learning method that estimates distributions of fundamental parameters like age and mass over a wide range of input physics by learning from a grid of stellar models varied in eight physical parameters. We applied our method to four Kepler subgiant stars and compare our results with previously determined estimates. Our results show good agreement with previous estimates for three of them (KIC 11026764, KIC 10920273, KIC 11395018). With the ability to explore a vast range of stellar parameters, we determine that the remaining star, KIC 10005473, is likely to have an age 1 Gyr younger than its previously determined estimate. Our method also estimates the efficiency of overshooting, undershooting, and microscopic diffusion processes, from which we determined that the parameters governing such processes are generally poorly-constrained in subgiant models. We further demonstrate our methods utility for ensemble asteroseismology by characterizing a sample of 30 Kepler subgiant stars, where we find a majority of our age, mass, and radius estimates agree within uncertainties from more computationally expensive grid-based modelling techniques.
Models of solar-like oscillators yield acoustic modes at different frequencies than would be seen in actual stars possessing identical interior structure, due to modelling error near the surface. This asteroseismic surface term must be corrected when
mode frequencies are used to infer stellar structure. Subgiants exhibit oscillations of mixed acoustic ($p$-mode) and gravity ($g$-mode) character, which defy description by the traditional $p$-mode asymptotic relation. Since nonparametric diagnostics of the surface term rely on this description, they cannot be applied to subgiants directly. In Paper I, we generalised such nonparametric methods to mixed modes, and showed that traditional surface-term corrections only account for mixed-mode coupling to, at best, first order in a perturbative expansion. Here, we apply those results, modelling subgiants using asteroseismic data. We demonstrate that, for grid-based inference of subgiant properties using individual mode frequencies, neglecting higher-order effects of mode coupling in the surface term results in significant systematic differences in the inferred stellar masses, and measurable systematics in other fundamental properties. While these systematics are smaller than those resulting from other choices of model construction, they persist for both parametric and nonparametric formulations of the surface term. This suggests that mode coupling should be fully accounted for when correcting for the surface term in seismic modelling with mixed modes, irrespective of the choice of correction used. The inferred properties of subgiants, in particular masses and ages, also depend on the choice of surface-term correction, in a different manner from both main-sequence and red giant stars.
Context. Asteroseismology is an effcient tool not only for testing stellar structure and evolutionary theory but also constraining the parameters of stars for which solar-like oscillations are detected, presently. As an important southern asteroseism
ic target, Tau Ceti, is a metal-poor star. The main features of the oscillations and some frequencies of ? Ceti have been identified. Many scientists propose to comprehensively observe this star as part of the Stellar Observations Network Group. Aims. Our goal is to obtain the optimal model and reliable fundamental parameters for the metal-poor star Tau Ceti by combining all non-asteroseismic observations with these seismological data. Methods. Using the Yale stellar evolution code (YREC), a grid of stellar model candidates that fall within all the error boxes in the HR diagram have been constructed, and both the model frequencies and large- and small- frequency separations are calculated using the Guenthers stellar pulsation code. The chi2c minimization is performed to identify the optimal modelling parameters that reproduce the observations within their errors. The frequency corrections of near-surface effects to the calculated frequencies using the empirical law, as proposed by Kjeldsen and coworkers, are applied to the models. Results. We derive optimal models, corresponding to masses of about 0.775 - 0.785 M? and ages of about 8 - 10 Gyr. Furthermore, we find that the quantities derived from the non-asteroseismic observations (effective temperature and luminosity) acquired spectroscopically are more accurate than those inferred from interferometry for ? Ceti, because our optimal models are in the error boxes B and C, which are derived from spectroscopy results.
Regions of rapid variation in the internal structure of a star are often referred to as acoustic glitches since they create a characteristic periodic signature in the frequencies of p modes. Here we examine the localized disturbance arising from the
helium second ionization zone in red giant branch and clump stars. More specifically, we determine how accurately and precisely the parameters of the ionization zone can be obtained from the oscillation frequencies of stellar models. We use models produced by three different generation codes that not only cover a wide range of stages of evolution along the red giant phase but also incorporate different initial helium abundances. We discuss the conditions under which such fits robustly and accurately determine the acoustic radius of the second ionization zone of helium. The determined radii of the ionization zones as inferred from the mode frequencies were found to be coincident with the local maximum in the first adiabatic exponent described by the models, which is associated with the outer edge of the second ionization zone of helium. Finally, we consider whether this method can be used to distinguish stars with different helium abundances. Although a definite trend in the amplitude of the signal is observed any distinction would be difficult unless the stars come from populations with vastly different helium abundances or the uncertainties associated with the fitted parameters can be reduced. However, application of our methodology could be useful for distinguishing between different populations of red giant stars in globular clusters, where distinct populations with very different helium abundances have been observed.
We present Kepler observations of the bright (V=8.3), oscillating star HD 179070. The observations show transit-like events which reveal that the star is orbited every 2.8 days by a small, 1.6 R_Earth object. Seismic studies of HD 179070 using short
cadence Kepler observations show that HD 179070 has a frequencypower spectrum consistent with solar-like oscillations that are acoustic p-modes. Asteroseismic analysis provides robust values for the mass and radius of HD 179070, 1.34{pm}0.06 M{circ} and 1.86{pm}0.04 R{circ} respectively, as well as yielding an age of 2.84{pm}0.34 Gyr for this F5 subgiant. Together with ground-based follow-up observations, analysis of the Kepler light curves and image data, and blend scenario models, we conservatively show at the >99.7% confidence level (3{sigma}) that the transit event is caused by a 1.64{pm}0.04 R_Earth exoplanet in a 2.785755{pm}0.000032 day orbit. The exoplanet is only 0.04 AU away from the star and our spectroscopic observations provide an upper limit to its mass of ~10 M_Earth (2-{sigma}). HD 179070 is the brightest exoplanet host star yet discovered by Kepler.
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