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The stellar energy-loss rates $mathcal{Q}$ due to the production of neutrino pair in the framework of 3-3-1 models are presented. The energy loss rate $mathcal{Q}$ is evaluated for different values of $beta=pmfr{1}{sqrt{3}},pmfr{2}{sqrt{3}},pmsqrt{3}$ in which $beta$ is a parameter used to define the charge operator in the 3-3-1 models. The correction to the rate which is compared with that of the Standard Model ($de mathcal{Q}$) is also evaluated. We show that the correction does not exceed 14% and %is gets the highest with $beta=-sqrt{3}$. The contribution of dipole moment to the energy loss rate is small compared to the contribution of new natural gauge boson $Z$ and this sets constraints for the mass of Z $m_{Z} leq 4000$ GeV. This mass range is within the searching range for $Z$ boson at LHC.
We propose two 3-3-1 models (with either neutral fermions or right-handed neutrinos) based on S_3 flavor symmetry responsible for fermion masses and mixings. The models can be distinguished upon the new charge embedding (mathcal{L}) relevant to lepto
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In this work, we interpret the 3-3-1-1 model when the B-L and 3-3-1 breaking scales behave simultaneously as the inflation scale. This setup not only realizes the previously-achieved consequences of inflation and leptogenesis, but also provides new i
We study previously unconsidered 3-3-1 models which are characterized by each lepton generation having a different representation under the gauge group. Flavor-changing neutral currents in the lepton sector occur in these models. To satisfy constrain
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