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We develop in this thesis the principles governing the production of our universes primordial inhomogeneities during its early phase of inflation. As a guiding thread we ask what physics during inflation can lead to perturbations so large that they form black holes in sufficient abundance to be the dark matter. We start with the simplest single-field slow-roll paradigm for inflation, which cannot produce primordial black hole dark matter, and then gradually relieve its assumptions. After developing the effective field theory of inflation, we highlight the importance of the single-clock condition in controlling the inhomogeneities. Going beyond single-clock inflation takes us first to a qualitatively different inflationary scenario known as ultra-slow roll and finally to understanding the physics of the Higgs field during inflation.
The primordial black hole (PBH) comprising full dark matter (DM) abundance is currently allowed if its mass lies between $10^{-16}M_{odot} lesssim M lesssim 10^{-11} M_{odot}$. This lightest mass range is hard to be probed by ongoing gravitational le
The large enhancement of the primordial power spectrum of the curvature perturbation can seed the formation of primordial black hole, that can play as a dark matter component in the Universe. In multi-filed inflation models, the curved trajectory of
We study the parameter space of the effective (with two scalars) models of cosmological inflation and primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the modified $(R+R^2)$ supergravity. Our models describe double inflation, whose first stage is driven by S
Recent BICEP2 detection of low-multipole B-mode polarization anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation supports the inflationary universe scenario and suggests a large inflaton field range. The latter feature can be achieved with axion
Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $(30$--$100)~M_{odot}$ are interesting candidates for dark matter, as they sit in a narrow window between microlensing and cosmic microwave background constraints. There are however tight constraints fr