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Heun differential equations are the most general second order Fuchsian equations with four regular singularities. An explicit integral series representation of Heun functions involving only elementary integrands has hitherto been unknown and noted as an important open problem in a recent review. We provide explicit integral representations of the solutions of all equations of the Heun class: general, confluent, bi-confluent, doubly-confluent and triconfluent, with integrals involving only rational functions and exponential integrands. All the series are illustrated with concrete examples of use. These results stem from the technique of path-sums, which we use to evaluate the path-ordered exponential of a variable matrix chosen specifically to yield Heun functions. We demonstrate the utility of the integral series by providing the first representation of the solution to the Teukolsky radial equation governing the metric perturbations of rotating black holes that is convergent everywhere from the black hole horizon up to spatial infinity.
Most of the theoretical physics known today is described by using a small number of differential equations. For linear systems, different forms of the hypergeometric or the confluent hypergeometric equations often suffice to describe the system studi
We find confluent Heun solutions to the radial equations of two Halilsoy-Badawi metrics. For the first metric, we studied the radial part of the massless Dirac equation and for the second case, we studied the radial part of the massless Klein-Gordon equation.
We provide a set of diagonals of simple rational functions of three and four variables that are squares of Heun functions. These Heun functions obtained through creative telescoping, turn out to be either pullbacked $_2F_1$ hypergeometric functions a
Quantum theory on manifolds with boundaries have been studied extensively through von Neumann analysis of self adjoint operators. We approach the issues through introduction of singular $delta$ and $delta$ potentials. The advantages of this are point
Classical Virasoro conformal blocks are believed to be directly related to accessory parameters of Floquet type in the Heun equation and some of its conflue