New Fe-pnictide heterostructures of the type LnOFeAs/BaFe$_2$As$_2$ (Ln = La, Sm) were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and investigated. Their common structural unit of [Fe$_2$As$_2$] planes allows perfect matching between the different Fe-pnictide unit cells and a coherent and atomically sharp interface. We test the stability of the heterointerface in the presence of Co$^{2+}$ (cations) as well as for excess O$^{2-}$ (anions) and discuss the consequences on the electronic properties: While undoped SmOFeAs/BaFe$_2$As$_2$ remains non-superconducting, a balanced Co-concentration after diffusion across the interface results in superconductivity within Co-substituted variants. In contrast, excess O$^{2-}$ causes the formation of an interfacial layer in SmOFeAs/BaFe$_2$As$_2$ with increased O$^{2-}$/As$^{3-}$ ratio and develops a metal-to-superconductor transition with time. The engineered heterointerfaces may provide a sophisticated pathway to bridge the gap between Fe-pnictides and Fe-chalcogenides.
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